Propionibacteriumacnes is a Gram-positive bacillus that can be part of the human skin flora. This bacterium infecting the subdural space postoperatively is quite a rare entity. When present, it likely reflects a true infection rather than contamination requiring urgent intervention. We are reporting a rare case of craniotomy for subdural hematoma evacuation complicated by subdural Propionibacterium acnes infection. The infection was successfully treated with surgical debridement and antibiotics.

Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome is a rare but life-threatening condition. It occurs when Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonizing the vagina of a healthy woman, produce toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 activating the immune system and leading to multiorgan failure. Menstrual cups also known as vaginal cups are usually used as alternatives to other intravaginal products for menstrual blood collection. In rare cases, they can also lead to toxic shock syndrome. We report a case of toxic shock syndrome associated with vaginal cup use in a healthy menstruating woman. The diagnosis was made based on the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria of the syndrome and confirmed with a vaginal cultural growth of Staphylococcus aureus .