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In ileal longitudinal muscle 5 mM Mn2+ inhibited completely the K+ (60 mM)-induced tonic tension to the base line; however, the tension progressively increased to above the level of original tonic response evoked by K+ after 3 h in the presence of Mn2+. Tetrodotoxin 5 x 10(-5) M) had no influence on the tension development in the presence of Mn2+ in the high-K+ medium. Mn2+ also increased the tension in a high-K+, Ca(2+)-free medium. The Ca2+ antagonist, gallopamil (10(-6) M) inhibited the development of tension in the presence of Mn2+ in the high-K+ medium. The 45Ca uptake determined by the lanthanum method remained unchanged from control levels after 3 h of the 5 mM Mn2+ application in the high-K+ medium in spite of the development of the tension. The manganese uptake in the high-K+ medium, increased in accordance with the increase of duration of 5 mM Mn2+ application. Gallopamil inhibited manganese uptake in the high-K+ medium. These results suggest that Mn2+ firstly reduces K(+)-induced tension by inhibition of Ca2+ influx, subsequently, Mn2+ ions accumulate in the intracellular compartments through voltage-operated Ca2+ channels and may activate contractile proteins in the ileal muscle.

Abstract:Ten patients received augmentation of the deficient mandibular alveolar ridges using particulate hydroxyapatite (HAP). Investigations were undertaken to evaluate the augmented ridge form during a postoperative period from 6 to 30 months. No serious troubles attributable to the use of the implant and the surgical procedures were observed. The mandibular complete dentures constructed on postaugmented ridges were clinically judged to be more successfull with the use of the surgical stent. Measurement of vertical ridge heights with panoramic radiographs showed that the augmented portions of the alveolar ridges were on the average of 59% higher than their preoperative heights. Over a period of 30 months, beginning 1 month after augmentation, longitudinal reduction of ridge heights was approximately 6%. An average enlargement of 32% was observed in measurements of the denture-bearing area. The contour of the augmented alveolar ridges showed an increase of height at the lingual area and of breadth at the buccal area, which may provide increased retention and stability for complete dentures. The placement and ligation of the surgical stent proved beneficial to the HAP augmentation.From these findings, the HAP augmentation appears to be effective in improving the ridge form and denture success, provided that consideration is given to prosthodontics and the surgical stent is used.