An experimental study was made to explore the burning characteristics of heptane in 2.7m square dike fires, through measuring burning rate, flame temperature, thermal radiation, hot gas velocity and gas composition of flames. Two types of dike fire experiments were performed; one was a dike fire with four open top tank fires and another was a dike fire without tank. The results show that there is little difference between both types regarding total mass burning rate and thermal radiation, but it was noted that burning in the dike fire with open tanks was accelerated in spite of poorer air entraimnent than that of the dike fire without tank based on the gas composition data and the ratio of air entrainments A/Ao.

The Tension Control Optimization Theory, TCOT, allows for heavy duty truck and bus tires with greater bead and belt durability and increased fuel efficiency than conventionally shaped truck and bus tires, without sacrificing other important performance characteristics such as maneuverability, wear resistance, etc. Before TCOT, conventional truck and bus tires used the theory of the natural equilibrium shape as a base. TCOT technology expands the Rolling Contour Optimization Theory, RCOT, and proposes the ultimate tire casing contour according to tire application. TCOT optimizes the control of the tension in an inflated tire and the control of the change of the contour by inflation pressure, and regulates strains in the belts and plycord edges, limiting the occurrence and spread of minute but potentially damaging cracks in the vulnerable edges of a rolling tire.

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