In the 20 years after introducing our original technique-EPDBD (Endoscopic Pancreatic Duct Balloon Dilation) in 1996, we treated 599 cases of pancreas stone, pseudocyst and divisum cases at our hospital by this method. With this procedure, pancreatic stone recurrence rate dropped remarkably, and the success rate of endoscopic pseudocyst and divisum treatments rose dramatically. Complications were moderate pain and light bleeding from the orifice at the time of treatment and slight pancreatitis for several days. This method is very useful and safe, and shows big possibilities for endoscopic treatment of pancreatic diseases.

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Although it is not clear if interferon-associated retinopathy occurs in a dose-dependent manner, the present study shows a standard pattern of the occurrence of retinopathy in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving a uniform dosage of natural interferon-alpha.

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The retinal microcirculation in the macular area was disturbed in RRD patients without macular involvement. It correlated with the extent of the RRD, and subsided 1 month after successful scleral buckling procedures.