Switchable rotaxanes that respond to external stimuli have received much attention. 1 A considerable number of bistable molecular systems have been developed and applied as molecular machines for nanoscience, including sensors, 2 actuators, 3 molecular memories, 4 and other devices. 1,5 Multi-state (more than three-state) molecular shuttles 6 have also been realized using rotaxane systems; they can be grouped into two types: multiple stimuli-responsive 7 and single stimulus-responsive 8 molecular shuttles, with the former being potentially applicable as sensing systems for a variety of chemical species and the latter as degreeor amplitude-controllable nanomachines. In a previous study, we developed an example of the latter system that functioned through acid/base-mediated three-state translational isomerization of a [2]rotaxane containing both N-alkylamine and N-arylamine centers as binding sites for a threaded crown ether unit. 9 Deprotonation (basic conditions) caused the aniline-crown ether interactions to dominate; under mono-protonated (neutral) conditions, the crown ether component predominantly recognized the alkylamine unit through cooperative binding of a proton; when both amino groups were protonated, both translational isomers were generated.

The unicycle operation is a good exercise for training of the sense of balance, the agility and the ability to coordinate the body according to situations. This paper aims to give an interpretation of the relationship between the moment balancing point (MBP) and the center of pressure (CP) in a riding a unicycle from the human motion viewpoint. This paper shows derivations of Human-Unicycle model motion equations according to the Projection Method, and represents the relationship between the MBP and the CP of the the model by considering structure and constraint reaction forces of the model.

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The new IL%?ZC-11 is a software tool for legal reasoning. It consists of two functions -argumentation function and debating function. Argumentation function is retilzed by a typed logic programming language with generalization of rules and defea.sible reasoning based on priority of rules. Debating function is realized by meta knowledge which controls the argumentation function. This paper introduces overview of the new HELIC-H system. We show how legal knowledge is represented in the new HELIC-11 illustrated by presenting the example of an actual criminzd case.