The Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) monitors carbon dioxide (CO(2)) and methane (CH(4)) globally from space using two instruments. The Thermal and Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (TANSO-FTS) detects gas absorption spectra of the solar short wave infrared (SWIR) reflected on the Earth's surface as well as of the thermal infrared radiated from the ground and the atmosphere. TANSO-FTS is capable of detecting three narrow bands (0.76, 1.6, and 2.0 microm) and a wide band (5.5-14.3 microm) with 0.2 cm(-1) spectral resolution (interval). The TANSO Cloud and Aerosol Imager (TANSO-CAI) is an ultraviolet (UV), visible, near infrared, and SWIR radiometer designed to detect cloud and aerosol interference and to provide the data for their correction. GOSAT is placed in a sun-synchronous orbit 666 km at 13:00 local time, with an inclination angle of 98 degrees . A brief overview of the GOSAT project, scientific requirements, instrument designs, hardware performance, on-orbit operation, and data processing is provided.

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At Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, IHC incidence has increased dramatically in the last 16 years. Resection offers the best opportunity for long-term survival but is possible in the minority, and patients with large, node-positive or multifocal IHC seem to derive little benefit. Establishing and maintaining control of the intrahepatic disease remains the biggest problem for all IHC patients. The recent increase in survival seems largely because of improved nonoperative therapy for unresectable disease.

Abstract. The mass absorption spectra of crystalline olivine particles with different Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios, between forsterite (Mg 2 SiO 4 , Fo) and fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4 , Fa), were measured for synthetic and natural samples in the mid-and far-infrared regions. The main strong peaks show a systematic shift to longer wavelengths as the Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratio decreases. In the 10-17 µm region, these trends are very clear, and the peak positions are a good indicator of the composition of dust grains. In the 20-100 µm region, the trends are also rather clear, though they are slightly complicated; the intensity and width of the various bands become weak and broad, respectively, or the bands disappear as the concentration of Fo decreases. However, the trends are clear only in a limited composition range near Fo and Fa; the peak positions of 30, 50, and 69 µm bands of forsterite shift linearly as the Fo concentration decreases to about Fo 70 . Those of the double band in the 50 µm region for Fe-rich olivine shift linearly as the Fa concentration increases from Fo 20 to Fa. When the spectral signature of Mg-rich or Fe-rich olivine can be observed, the peak positions in the 20-100 µm region are a good indicator of the composition of dust grains.