Utilizing thermal energy helium atom scattering we have made clear the dynamics from formation to destruction and the thermal stability of the Cs superstructures on a Pt(111) surface. Among three structures identified by low energy electron diffraction, both the (3×3) and the (3×3)R30° structures are unstable and are destroyed at around 350 K, and transform into the (2×2) structure. The (2×2) structure which is stable up to 450 K, exhibits large corrugation amplitudes of the potential energy surface. This suggests a strong bond between Cs and Pt atoms and the localization of electron charge distribution as a result of the charge transfer from Cs atoms to the substrate Pt(111) surface. It is also suggested that the work function minimum is closely related to this charge transfer of Cs atoms forming the (2×2) structure.

It is thought that eating habits induces individual variation in intestinal absorption® ; KAGOME Co., Ltd., Aichi, Japan) were centrifuged (1630 g, 10 min) and filtered using filter paper and 0.45-µm membrane filters. In this study, recombinant CYP3A4 and LS180 cells were used for the evaluation of CYP3A4 activity. The metabolisms to 6β-hydroxytestosterone by recombinant CYP3A4 were significantly inhibited by VJ-o, VJ-g, and VJ-y in a preincubation time-dependent manner, and CYP3A4 activity in LS180 cells were significantly inhibited by VJ-o and VJ-y. These results show that the difference in ingestion volume of vegetable juices and vegetables might partially induce individual difference in intestinal drug metabolism.