Objectives: Senility death is defined as natural death in the elderly who do not have a cause of death to be described otherwise and, if human life is finite, it may be one of the ultimate goals of medicine and healthcare. A recent survey in Japan reports that municipalities with a high senility death ratio have lower healthcare costs per late-elderly person. However, the causes of regional differences in senility death ratio and their biomedical determinants were unknown. In this study, we examined the relationships of the regional difference in senility death ratio with the regional differences in heart rate variability and physical activity. Methods: We compared the age-adjusted senility death ratio of all Japanese prefectures with the regional averages of heart rate variability and actigraphic physical activity obtained from a physiological big data of Allostatic State Mapping by Ambulatory ECG Repository (ALLSTAR). Results: The age-adjusted senility death ratio of 47 Japanese prefectures in 2015 ranged from 1.2% to 3.6% in men and from 3.5% to 7.8% in women. We compared these ratios with the age-adjusted indices of heart rate variability in 108,865 men and 136,536 women and of physical activity level in 16,661 men and 21,961 women. Heart rate variability indices and physical activity levels that are known to be associated with low mortality risk were higher in prefectures with higher senility death ratio. Conclusion: The regional senility death ratio in Japan may be associated with regional health status as reflected in heart rate variability and physical activity levels.
Seen from the enzyme histochemical patterns, intestinal metaplasia appearing in the gastric mucosa was divided into two types; small intestine type and colon type. Among these types, the incidence of the former was highest.In the typical small intestine type, the patterns of the enzyme reactions in the striated border and cytoplasm were almost the same as in the jejunal villus epithelial cells. In addition, enzymaticall.y atypical cells among the small intestine type cells were frequently seen, too. In the colon type, activities of enzymes in the striated border were very weak or almost negative and cytoplasmic enzymes were moderately reactive resembling the pattern of the colon epithelial cells. In parallel with histochemical study, activities of disaccharidases were biochemically measured on the homogenate of the gastric mucosa. Following the appearance of intestinal metaplasia, activities of maltase and sucrase were significantly elevated showing the pattern of the small intestine, while lactase activity was not increased. In some cases, the ratios of maltase to sucrase activity were distributed in wider range in the intestinalized gastric mucosa than in the small intestine.These enzymochemical findings in intestinal metaplasia were discussed from a viewpoint of cell proliferation and differentiation.
It has been found that, besides ceroid-like pigment, the zymogen granules of the pancreatic exocrine portion, the ductules of the parotid gland, the stratum corneum of the skin, the hair cortex, and its external root sheath give a positive mercury-affinity reaction on paraffin sections. On the other hand, these tissues reveal a positive reaction when the colloidal iron method for SH radical is applied following pre-treatment with thioglycollic acid.
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