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Dysplastic hips have general thick cartilage distribution as well as more prominent gradient increase of thickness at the superolateral portion. The knowledge of fundamental morphological feature of dysplastic hips at a preradiologic stage may aid early detection of cartilage thinning in association with osteoarthritic progression, accurate computational biomechanical analysis in the hip joint, and planning periacetabular osteotomy with satisfactory cartilaginous congruency.

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We studied the MRI appearances of the brain in 159 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 2566 age-matched individuals without DM (controls). The images were reviewed for cerebral infarcts, hemorrhage, atrophy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy. Cerebral atrophy was significantly more frequent in patients with DM than in controls (P > 0.005) from the sixth to the eighth decade. The frequency of atrophy was 41.2% in the 6th decade, 60.0% in the 7th and 92.3% in the 8th decade in DM, and 19.8%, 38.9% and 56.8% respectively in controls. Unexpectedly, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidences of cerebrovascular diseases at any age.

Anthocyanins from various vegetables and fruits have antioxidant activities, however, the bioactivities of coloured potato anthocyanins are not well studied. We examined the antioxidant capacities of pigmented fractions from purple potato flakes in vitro, and the antioxidant potentials of purple potato flakes in vivo. 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of the pigmented fraction from Hokkai no. 92 (H92) potato flakes was higher than that from Kitamurasaki (KM) potato flakes. Extracts equivalent to 600 mg pigmented fractions from KM and H92 potato flakes inhibited linoleic acid oxidation in the order trolox . H92 $ KM . control. Rats were fed 25 % KM or H92 potato flake diets for 4 weeks. The major anthocyanin was identified as petanin. Control rats were fed a diet with cornstarch instead of potato flakes for 4 weeks. The serum antioxidant potential level in the H92 group was significantly higher than that in the control group. The degree of hepatic lipid peroxidation in the H92 group was significantly lower than that in the control group. Hepatic Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) mRNA levels in the H92 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Similar significant differences in Cu/Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD mRNA levels between the KM and control groups were found. The present results suggest that purple potato flakes have antioxidant functions with regard to radical scavenging activity and inhibition of linoleic acid oxidation, and that they improve the antioxidant potentials in rats by enhancing hepatic Mn-SOD, Cu/Zn-SOD and GSH-Px mRNA expression.