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Leiomyomatous hamartoma (LH) is congenital lesion rarely seen in oral cavity. In English literature, all reported cases appeared as solitary lesion in alveolar ridge or the tongue, and there have never been a report showing a case of multiple occurrence of this lesion. A quite rare case of multiple LH occurred in a 2-year-old Japanese boy is presented. A polypoid lesion was presented at incisive papilla and two isolated lesions in the tongue dorsum, one appeared as a polypoid mass in the posterior dorsum and other as a small spindle-shaped agger in the anterior dorsum. All of them were histologically diagnosed as LH.

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An increase in the resistance to airflow increased the activity of the SPC muscle. This augmented respiratory activity probably assists the patency of the upper airway. The augmented respiratory activity was independent of the local reflex pathways. Respiratory-related activity of the SPC muscle may help dilate and stiffen the pharyngeal airway, promoting airway patency.