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We have found that the 14-3-3 protein, an acidic neuronal protein, is substantially identical to the 'activator' protein [(1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 5404-5409] that activates tryptophan 5-monooxygenase and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase in the presence of Ca 2 +,calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. This finding is based on the remarkable similarity of both these proteins in physicochemical, biochemical and immunochemical properties, as welt as on detection for the 14-3-3 protein of an activator activity towards tryptophan 5-monooxygenase. The result suggests that the 14-3-3 protein plays a role in the regulation of serotonin and noradrenaline biosynthesis in brain.14-3-3 protein; Activator protein; Tryptophan 5-monooxygenase; Tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; Ca 2 +/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase; (Brain)

A cDNA encoding the homolog of the human pre-Bcell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF), a cytokine-like secreted protein, was isolated from a rat cDNA library. This protein existed in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of the cells, and the amount was higher in the cytoplasm than in the nucleus of proliferating PC-12 and Swiss 3T3 cells but higher in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm of the PC-12 cells treated with nerve growth factor and the 3T3 cells grown to a con£uent state. Thus, the so-called PBEF is not a cytokine-like secreted protein but an intracellular protein associated with the cell cycle.