In this study, a partially etched structure of a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) is fabricated for high-spatial-resolution and high-speed imaging of chemical species. An anisotropic etching process based on tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) is optimized to fabricate the structure, which strikes a balance between the imaging performance and the mechanical strength of the sensor plate. The etched region of the sensor plate with a thickness of 47 mm yields a 12-fold enhancement of the photocurrent signal at a high frequency of 120 kHz and a 10-fold frequency bandwidth in comparison with the frame region with a thickness of 150 mm due to the reduced traveling distance of charge carriers inside the semiconductor. This result represents a new approach for high signal-to-noise ratio, high-spatialresolution, and high-speed measurement.

Abstract. Component software is software that has been assembled from various pieces of standardized, reusable computer programs, socalled components. Executing component software creates instances of these components. For several reasons, for example, limited resources and/or application requirements, it can be important to have control over the number of such instances. In the previous work [3], we have given an abstract component language and a type system which ensures that the number of simultaneously active instances of any component never exceeds a sharp bound expressed in the type. The language featured instantiation and reuse of components, as well as sequential composition, choice and scope. This work extends the previous one to include a parallel composition. Moreover, we improve on the operational semantics by using a small-step reduction relation. As a result, we can prove the soundness property of our static type system using the technique of Wright and Felleisen.

A multi‐well‐structured light‐addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS) plate is developed for measuring a plurality of sample solutions on a single sensor plate. It is also capable of high‐resolution chemical imaging inside the well structure. It can be applied, for example, to quantification of metabolic activities and imaging of biological samples incubated in the well structure. A minimum pattern size of 20 µm line is visualized and a wider frequency bandwidth of up to 200 kHz for the sensor signal is obtained in the well structure, which will be suitable for recording chemical images at a high‐frame‐rate.

Abstract. A software program requesting a resource that is not available usually raises an out-of-resource exception. Component software is software that has been assembled from standardized, reusable components which, in turn, may also composed from other components. Due to the independent development and reuse of components, component software has a high risk of causing out-of-resource exceptions. We present a small component language and develop a type system which can statically prevent this type of errors . This work continues our previous works [3,18] by including explicit deallocation. We prove that the type system is sound with respect to safe deallocation and that sharp resource bounds can be computed statically.

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