Healthcare technology is one of the most popular studies nowadays. With the development of healthcare technology, the lifespan of people has successfully extended. However, people in the rural area are still having a hard time to obtain professional healthcare services due to the barrier of distance and lack of doctors. A remote patient monitoring system is one of the best solutions to overcome this issue. This paper proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) based real-time remote patient monitoring system that is able to guarantee the integrity of the real-time electrocardiogram (ECG). Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol is used for transmitting the real-time ECG from the proposed system to the webserver. The doctor can access the webserver via smartphone or computer to monitor the realtime or previously recorded ECG data. The proposed system has been tested in both Local Area Network and Wide Area Network environments. The results show that the proposed system has no package loss and packet error in both Local Area Network and Wide Area Network.

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In heterogeneous wireless networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) is highly preferred by mobile terminals (MTs) owing to its high transmission bandwidth and low access cost. However, in high-speed environment, handover from a cellular network to a WLAN cell will lead to a high number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers due to the WLAN coverage limitation and will become worse at high speed. A new vertical handover method is proposed to minimize the probability of handover failure and unnecessary handover while maximizing the usage of WLAN in high-speed environment. The simulation results show that the proposed method kept the probability of handover failure and unnecessary handover below 0.5% and 1%, respectively. Compared with previous studies, the proposed method reduced the number of handover failures and unnecessary handovers up to 80.0% and 97.7%, respectively, while the MT is highly mobile. Using the proposed prediction method, the MT can benefit high bandwidth and low network access cost from the WLAN with minimum interruption regardless of speed.

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