A novel trichromophore amphiphilic dye N-methyl-2,4,6-tri-(4-dioctadecylamino)stilbazolium iodide (P 3 n) has been synthesized and successfully transferred on semiconducting transparent indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes by a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique. Photocurrent generation was studied in a conventional photoelectrochemical cell. An action spectrum of the photocurrent generation is coincident with the absorption spectrum of the LB film-modified electrode, indicating that the dye aggregate in the LB film is responsible for the photocurrent. Some factors that may affect the observed photocurrent, such as the presence of O 2 , the concentrations of methyl viologen (MV 2+ ) and hydroquinone (H 2 Q), pH, and the bias voltage have been investigated. Models for the mechanism of light-induced electron transfer under different conditions are proposed.

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Wide Area Measurement System has increasingly become an important part of wide-area interconnected power system, the reliable transmission of real-time measurement data is essential. This paper creates WAMS delay model from perspectives of the stratification of system functionality and communication structure. It also analyses influences to WAMS communication delay caused by different protection ways in the cases of communication link failures. The conclusions of numeral examples give some reference suggestions about the setting of PDC waiting time. The model and calculation method presented in this paper provides practicability and favorable support for WAMS design.

Objective: This study aimed to review the prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its different used types, characteristics of the studied cohorts, the reasoning for CAM use, and possible predictive factors for its use amongst ADHD patients. Method: The Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus were searched from inception to 10 February 2022. All of the original papers published in English which report data on CAM use by patients with ADHD were included. Results: Twelve original researches including 4,447 patients were included. The prevalence of CAM use varied from 7.5% to 67.6%. The most-reported CAM modalities were dietary modifications and natural products. Moreover, higher parental education should be considered as a predictive factor for CAM use. Conclusion: CAM use by ADHD patients seems to be prevalent. Healthcare providers should be trained about the most commonly used CAM therapies and their possible adverse events.

Due to increasing global demand for natural rubber products, rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) plantation expansion has occurred in many regions where it was originally considered unsuitable. However, accurate maps of rubber plantations are not available, which substantially constrain our understanding of the environmental and socio-economic impacts of rubber plantation expansion. In this study, the rubber plantations was accurate mapped from Landsat satellite imagery based on object-oriented classification method in Yangjiang State Farm in Hainan Island in 2010. The results show that: (1) The rubber plantation area in Yangjiang State Farm was estimated at 5866 hm 2 in 2010, which was slightly higher than the stand inventory data (5190 hm 2 ) in 2009. (2) The resulting rubber plantation map has a high accuracy according to the confusion matrix by using the ground truth ROIs. The overall accuracy is 90% and the kappa coefficient is 0.9. It showed that objectoriented classification method is suitable for mapping rubber plantation from Landsat satellite imagery.