This paper investigates the output feedback cycle time assignability of the min-max systems which are more complex than the systems studied in recent years. Max-plus projection representation for the closed-loop system with min-max output feedback is introduced. The coloring graph is presented and applied to analyze the structure of systems effectively. The necessary and sufficient criterion for the output feedback cycle time assignability is established which is an extension of the results studied before. The methods are constructive in nature.
The graded crushed rock layers is set between asphalt surface course and semi-rigidity base course to effectively prevent or reduce the reflection crack of semi-rigidity base course and improve the draining condition of asphalt pavement, however, the graded crushed rock is low in modulus and is provided with nonlinearity stress-strain characteristic, and the addition of this transition layer may cause the stress variation of pavement structure. Through applying KENPAVE pavement design program, analyze the mechanical response discipline on pavement structure layer by thickness variation of graded crushed rock layer and put forward the reasonable suggestions for structural design of asphalt pavement for transition layer of graded crushed rock.
Based on the results of confined rheological compression test of unsaturated soil samples, some important characteristics and its effective factors have been discussed by using three-dimensional model. At first, the curves of lateral stress relaxation show the process of correspondence with vertical creep. Secondly, it is lateral total stress, and not effective stress, that is relaxed with time because of the volume viscidity of pore water and the shear viscidity of soil skeleton. At last, the limited steady rheological state of soil is controlled by stress strength.
The resistance to chloride ion penetration of the concrete added with slag powder and fly ash is studied in this paper. The tests show that: adding slag powder and fly ash to concrete can improve the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; if only adding slag powder, the larger the adding content and the longer the test age, the better the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; if only adding fly ash, the longer the test age, the better the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; at the age of 28, 56 days, if the fly ash adding content is 30%, the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration is optimal, while at the age of 84 days, if the fly ash adding content is 40%, the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration is optimal; if adding both slag power and fly ash, the larger the adding content and the longer the test age, the better the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration; if the test age and adding content remain constant, for the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration, it is the best when adding both slag power and fly ash, it is good when adding only slag power, and it is poor when adding only fly ash; for the influences of the test age on the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration, it is maximum when adding only fly ash, it is moderate when adding both slag powder and fly ash, and it is minimum when adding only slag power; and the larger the adding content, the greater the influences of the test age on the concrete’s resistance to chloride ion penetration.
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