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The epoxy based graphite bipolar plate containing carbon nanotube (CNT) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) has been prepared and the electrical properties were compared. The density of graphite composite bipolar plate showed from 1.85 to 0.94 as expanded graphite content is increased from 10 to 50 w/o. The improvement of electrical properties was accomplished by addition of CNT. Rapid increase of conductivity was found due to the compensation between increases of the electrical pathway by addition of CNT and sufficient electrical contact among isolated large graphite particle. The polarisation curves of bipolar plate were measured at 1 M H2SO4 solution with 1 mV/sec of scan rate and the value of 1.903 uA/cm2 of corrosion rate was obtained.

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>> Performance degradation of a battery in 20 kWh energy storage system (ESS) under various operating conditions was studied. And energy saving of the ESS was also monitored by connecting with 20 kW photovoltaic (PV). PV-connected ESS saved 5~7% of energy consumption in 2013 compared to that without such system in 2012. As charge-discharge cycle increased, capacity decreased and the performance degradation was glaringly obvious after 40 cycles. And as charge and discharge rate increased, the performance degradation was more serious. After 50 charge-discharge cycles, a lot of degraded product was deposited on the surface of anode and cathode electrodes, and the cathode side was more contaminated. Therefore, in order to maintain the cell performance, it was more important to protect the degradation of the cathode side.

Abstract. In distributed sensor networks, the researches for authentication in sensor network have been focused on broadcast authentication. In this paper, we propose a message and its origin authentication protocol for data aggregation in sensor networks, based on one way hash chain and Merkle tree authentication with pre-deployment knowledge. Proposed protocol provides not only for downstream messages but also for upstream messages among neighbors, and it solves the secret value update issue with multiple Merkle trees and unbalanced energy consumption among sensor nodes with graceful handover of aggregator. In treating compromised node problem, our protocol provides an equivalent security level of pair-wise key sharing scheme, while much less memory requirements compared to pair-wise key sharing scheme.