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Some Pd atoms in metal Pd catalyst can adsorb hydrogen element to form PdHx species under normal conditions during catalyst preparation and catalytic reaction, which boosts HCOOH dehydrogenation (FAD) to produce H2, but greatly poisons the chemical reduction by FAD.

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When using X-ray to detect industrial workpieces, the images obtained frequently have low contrast, making it difficult to detect defects. This paper proposes a GAN-based X-ray image enhancement network to address this issue. In detail, the X-ray image is concatenated with its antiphase image (as an exposure mask) as the input image, and a trainable Sobel operator is used to extract the edge features of the input image. The input image and edge features are then concatenated and fed into the U-Net generator to be enhanced. The spatial and channel attention models are used to adjust feature weights in U-Net, and a detail extraction network is designed to extract detail features from the input X-ray image. Furthermore, the extracted detail features are fused with the image by the generator after contrast stretching to produce the final enhanced image. Finally, a global-local discriminator is used to discriminate the authenticity of the image so that the contrast of the final obtained image is improved and the details are highlighted. Following experimental validation, the method proposed in this paper has a significant enhancement effect on industrial X-ray images and performs well in terms of enhancing image contrast and highlighting image details.

BACKGROUND: The Ling sound test cannot provide the test of Chinese tone for preschool children with hearing aid and cochlear implants. OBJECTIVE: The paper tries to design a new tone test method composed of the Ling sound test and four Chinese tones to evaluate the hearing level of Chinese hearing-impaired children. METHODS: The tone identification rates of 20 cochlear implant children were statistically analyzed to verify the validity of the Ling sound test in the Chinese tone version. In addition, this paper analyzed the pronunciation characteristics of the Ling sound test in the Chongqing-accented Mandarin version of 20 subjects. RESULTS: The identification rate of Ling six sounds was more than 97%, the identification rate of tone was more than 81.0%, and the identification rate of vowels was 83.1%, which was higher than that of consonants 79.0%. The Ling sound test in the Chongqing-accented Mandarin version has a narrower frequency range. CONCLUSION: The results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the Ling sound test in the Chinese tone version in the assessment of frequency range and tone identification for cochlear implant users.