No abstract

Foggy weather seriously deteriorates the performance of freeway systems, particularly regarding traffic safety and efficiency. General macroscopic traffic models have difficulty reflecting the characteristics of a freeway under foggy weather conditions. In the present study, a macroscopic traffic model using a correction factor under foggy weather conditions is therefore proposed, which is regulated according to the different levels of visibility and curve radius of the freeway using the Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) model. Based on the proposed traffic model, a local ramp metering strategy with density correction under foggy weather conditions is proposed to improve traffic safety. The proposed local ramp metering strategy regulates the on-ramp flow using the T-S model according to the mainstream density, speed, and visibility. The correction factors are determined based on the parameters of the consequent part in the T-S model, which are optimized using the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The sum of the mean absolute percentage error of the mainstream traffic density and speed is used to evaluate the proposed traffic model. The real-time crash-risk prediction model, which reflects the degree of traffic safety, is used to evaluate the proposed local ramp metering strategy. Simulations using VISSIM and MATLAB show that the proposed traffic model is suitable under foggy weather conditions and that the proposed local ramp metering strategy achieves a better performance in reducing fog-related crashes.

In order to alleviate the traffic congestion of expressway, an on-ramp metering algorithm for urban expressway based on hierarchical fuzzy logic is proposed. The hierarchical fuzzy control algorithm consists of three layers and reduces fuzzy rules effectively. The speed, density of vehicles on the upstream and downstream at the ramp mergence and the ramp queue length are taken as its input variables, and the ramp metering rate deviation is taken as its output variable. VISSIM combined with MATLAB is used to carry out simulation experiment. The proposed hierarchical fuzzy control algorithm is compared with PI-ALINEA and two-input fuzzy control algorithm in the simulation experiment. The experimental results show that the hierarchical fuzzy control algorithm can effectively increase the mainline speed and reduce the queue length of vehicles on the ramp.