To analyze the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy and the drugs that can be used to treat pregnancy with COVID-19, so as to provide evidence for drug selection in clinic. By reviewing the existing literature, this paper analyzes the susceptibility of pregnant women to virus, especially to SARS-CoV-2, from the aspects of anatomical, reproductive endocrine and immune changes during pregnancy and screens effective and fetal-safe treatments from the existing drugs. The anatomical structure of the respiratory system is changed during pregnancy, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols is more easily inhaled by pregnant women and is difficult to remove. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse after infection when compared with non-pregnancy women. And changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections. More importantly, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been proven highly increased during pregnancy, which may contribute to the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. When it comes to treatment, specific drugs for COVID-19 have not been found at present, and taking old drugs for new use in treating COVID-19 has become an emergency method for the pandemic. Particularly, drugs that show superior maternal and fetal safety are worthy of consideration for pregnant women with COVID-19, such as chloroquine, metformin, statins, lobinavir/ritonavir, glycyrrhizic acid, and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery (NMDD), etc. Pregnant women are susceptible to COVID-19, and special attention should be paid to the selection of drugs that are both effective for maternal diseases and friendly to the fetus. However, there are still many deficiencies in the study of drug safety during pregnancy, and broad-spectrum, effective and fetal-safe drugs for pregnant women need to be developed so as to cope with more infectious diseases in the future.

ABSTR AC TPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine and metabolic syndrome (MS) with a complex etiology, and its pathogenesis is not yet clear. In recent years, the correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and metabolic disease has become a hot topic in research, leading to a number of new ideas about the etiology and pathological mechanisms of PCOS. The literature shows that GM can cause insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, chronic inflammation and metabolic syndrome (obesity, diabetes) and may contribute to the development of PCOS by influencing energy absorption, the pathways of short chain fatty acids (SCFA), lipopolysaccharides, choline and bile acids, intestinal permeability and the brain-gut axis. As part of the treatment of PCOS, fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation with prebiotics and traditional Chinese medicine can be used to regulate GM and treat disorders. This article reviews possible mechanisms and treatment options for PCOS, based on methods which target the GM, and offers new ideas for the treatment of PCOS. ZUSAMMENFASSUNGDas polyzystische Ovarsyndrom (PCOS) ist ein endokrines und metabolisches Syndrom (MS) mit einer komplexen Ätiologie. Die Pathogenese von PCOS ist noch immer ungeklärt. In den letzten Jahren hat sich die Forschung verstärkt auf die Interaktion zwischen intestinaler Mikrobiota und Stoffwechselerkrankungen konzentriert, was zu einigen neuen Ideen über die Ätiologie und die pathologischen Mechanismen von PCOS führte. In der Literatur wird berichtet, dass die intestinale Mikroflora Insulinresistenz, Hyperandrogenämie, chronische Entzündungen und metabolisches Syndrom (Adipositas, Diabetes) verursachen kann und durch ihre Auswirkungen auf Energieaufnahme, kurzkettige Fettsäuren, Lipopolysaccharide, Cholin und Gallensäuren, die Permeabilität der Darmschleimhaut sowie die Darm-Hirn-Achse möglicherweise zur Entwicklung von PCOS beitragen kann. Für die Behandlung von PCOS können fäkale Mikrobiomtransfers, eine Supplementierung mit Präbiotika und traditionelle chinesische Medizin zur Regulierung der Darmflora und Behandlung von Störungen eingesetzt werden. Dieser Artikel gibt eine Überblicksdarstellung möglicher Mechanismen und Behandlungsoptionen für PCOS, basierend auf Methoden, die auf eine Änderung der intestinalen Mikrobiota abzielen, und bietet neue Ideen für die Behandlung von PCOS. GebFra Science | Review 161 Zhao X et al.