Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of various adhesive systems to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 sound human third molars were divided into four groups. Dentin discs were prepared of middle-third dentin measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Dentin surfaces were bonded with one of the four types of adhesives: (A) Single Bond (3M ESPE), Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) in etch and rinse (B) and self-etch (C) modes and (D) Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental). After the application of adhesive systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions, composite cylinders (Vit-l-escence) were bonded to dentin surfaces. The μSBS test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The µSBS was the highest in self-etch Scotchbond Universal (15.8±6.08 MPa) followed by Clearfil SE Bond (15.24±4.6 MPa), etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal (11.68±4.07MPa) and Single Bond (11.24±3.74 MPa). A significant difference was only found between Single Bond and etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal groups (P=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, application of Scotchbond Universal in self-etch mode provides a reliable bond to dentin.

Objective: The role of unconscious factors in the motivational process, both in decision making and education, has increasingly been noticed. The effectiveness of commercial, non-commercial, and educational messages, as well as the structures of educational advertisements in neuromarketing, are discussed because the advertising audience has complex emotions. It is essential to determine the impact of motivational factors. In this regard, the present systematic review study was conducted to identify motivational factors related to the effectiveness of neuromarketing advertising. Methods: In this systematic review study, English full-text articles published on Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Emerald databases from 1990 to 2021 were searched with the keywords of “neuromarketing”, “commercial and non-commercial messages”, “ad effectiveness”, “behavior”, and “attitude”. Afterward, the qualified articles were reviewed. Results: Firstly, 900 articles were identified from different databases, of which 300 met the inclusion criteria. A total of 210 articles were deleted because they lacked experimental studies. Accordingly, 90 articles were selected for the final review. In total, 37 factors were identified related to the effectiveness of advertising in neuromarketing. Conclusion: The two most influential factors in the research were attention and positive emotions. The greatest emphasis on the effectiveness of advertising is on attention-drawing stimuli and provoking positive emotions. Memory and negative emotions were identified as two other critical factors among the influencing factors.

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Erosive burning usually refers to the increase in the propellant burning rate caused by high velocity combustion gasses flowing over the propellant surface. It may seriously affect the performance of solid-propellant rocket motors [1]. A series of experiments had been made to study the effects of length to the diameter ratio in a single tubular propellant grain on the erosive burning phenomenon. In the same combustion pressure and different grain geometries, the burning pattern ofAP1based propellantwere recorded. Furthermore, pressure-time curve for each condition was obtained. The mean velocity gradient is obtained by some thermo-gas-dynamical analysis on experimental data. The results can be used for preliminary design ofAPbased tubular propellant rocket motors. This method may be used for other types of tubular solid propellants which defer in chemical formulation.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of various adhesive systems to dentin. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 sound human third molars were divided into four groups. Dentin discs were prepared of middle-third dentin measuring 4 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness. Dentin surfaces were bonded with one of the four types of adhesives: (A) Single Bond (3M ESPE), Scotchbond Universal (3M ESPE) in etch and rinse (B) and self-etch (C) modes and (D) Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray Noritake Dental). After the application of adhesive systems according to the manufacturers’ instructions, composite cylinders (Vit-l-escence) were bonded to dentin surfaces. The μSBS test was performed using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05). Results: The µSBS was the highest in self-etch Scotchbond Universal (15.8±6.08 MPa) followed by Clearfil SE Bond (15.24±4.6 MPa), etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal (11.68±4.07MPa) and Single Bond (11.24±3.74 MPa). A significant difference was only found between Single Bond and etch and rinse Scotchbond Universal groups (P=0.04). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, application of Scotchbond Universal in self-etch mode provides a reliable bond to dentin.