We assessed the dermatological manifestations associated with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and their association with liver status. Of 155 patients with chronic HCV infection in Cairo, Egypt, 71 (45.8%) had dermatological manifestations: pruritus without evident skin lesions (21.3%), pigmented purpuric eruption (5.2%), aphthous ulcer and lichen planus (3.9% each), leukocytoclastic vasculitis (2.6%), psoriasis (1.9%), tinea versicolor (1.3%) and other conditions (5.8%). Shrunken liver, splenomegaly and ascites were significantly associated with the presence of skin lesions (relative risk 8.0, 2.7 and 1.8 respectively), and shrunken liver was significantly associated with pruritus (relative risk 2.1). Sex was not associated with any of the skin lesions.

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Background: One of the most common neurologic disorders is cerebral palsy. To improve quality of life, many tools have been employed. rTMS is a new established technique to treat spasticity and improve the outcome of rehabilitation program in various neurologic conditions. Aim of The Work: To assess the effect of high frequency rTMS on improving spasticity and motor performance in spastic hemiplegic CP in a sample of Egyptian children. Patients and Methods: 65 children aged between 4-18 years attending the Neuro-Pediatric Unit of Al-Azhar University hospitals were recruited in the period from beginning of Jan, 2022 to the end of June, 2022. They were randomly allocated into two groups : Study Group: 40 patients received 8 sessions of high frequency rTMS (2 sessions per week for 4 weeks) followed by physical therapy (PT) of 30 minutes duration. 1500 pulses (50 pulses per train with total 30 trains) per session with an intensity of 90% of the motor threshold at a frequency of 10 Hz were received. Contralateral primary motor cortex (M1) was the site of stimulation. Each train had duration of 30 sec with inter-train delay of 25 seconds. Control Group: 25 patients received only physical therapy (PT) of 30 minutes (2 sessions per week for 4 weeks). Results:The study group has been improved statistically significantly as compared with the control group. Conclusion: r-TMS essentially contributes to reducing spasticity and enhancing motor performance in hemiparetic CP children.

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