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Aim : The present study was carried out to compare between non-invasive treatment modalities using (fluoride varnish (FV) and Nano-HAP based reminerlizing agents) and minimal-invasive treatment modalities using (resin infiltrant materials) on surface micro-hardness, surface topography and colour stability of WSLs. Methods A total 80 sound human permanent premolars were used in this study. The specimens were divided into four equal groups 20 teeth for each group. According to treatment modality group A 0 : resin infiltration material, group A 1 nano hydroxyapatite based remineralizing agent, group A 2 fluoride varnish and group (A 3 ) artificial saliva as control group. The surface microhardness (SMH) of each specimen was assessed using Vickers microhardness tester. Scanning electron microscope were used to assess surface morphological characters of enamel surface at different stage. Color stability of enamel surface at different stage were assessed by spectrophotometer. Results. Both resin infiltration material and Nano hydroxyapatite based remineralizing agents showed the highest statistically significant mean surface microhardness values and highest statistically significant mean of color stability Conclusion: Nano hydroxyapatite based remineralizing agent and resin infiltration system are the most effective treatment modalities for incipient carious enamel lesions.

Aim: to estimate the age of Egyptian adults using root dentin translucency (RDT) method (Gustafson's morpho-histologic approach). In addition, to compare the accuracy of measuring the surface area versus the length of RDT in ground section of single rooted teeth in determining the chronological age. Besides, to observe the correlation between RDT and gender. Methods:The study sample was consisting of 50 sound teeth that had been extracted from patient ranging in age from 20 -70 years then, divided into 5 equal experimental groups. Group I contained sound teeth extracted from patient aged 20-30 years. Group II sound teeth extracted from patient aged 31-40 years. Group III sound teeth extracted from patient aged 41-50years. Group IV sound teeth extracted from patient aged 51-60 years. Group V sound teeth extracted from patient aged 61-70 years. Stained longitudinal ground section for both groups were prepared &observed under light microscope (LM). Both surface area and length of RDT were measured on magnified images using Image-J software. After that, all data were recorded, tabulated, and statistically analyzed using software SPSS.Results: RDT surface area and length was positively correlated with chronological age. The range of difference between chronological and estimated age by both RDT area and length was the lowest (-10.68-8.65) compared to estimated age by RDT area only (-10.89-13.47) and RDT length only (-14.46-16.74). Also, there was not a significant sex difference determined. Conclusion:RDT is a reliable method for age estimation for permanent sound teeth. We can use specific regression formula for Egyptian population by RDT area, length, or both.

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