Menopause causes a decrease in quality of life, which is dependent to work and other socio-demographic variables. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective intervention programs to improve quality of life after menopause.

The DASH diet could improve weight loss, BMI and fat mass. Furthermore, it could result in a significant reduction in serum androstenedione and a significant increase in antioxidant status and SHBG.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the systemic administration of metronidazole and amoxicillin as an adjunct to initial periodontal therapy in patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis. Methods and Materials: This randomized, double blind, placebo controlled parallel study involved 50 adult patients with untreated periodontitis who were randomly assigned to receive either a full-mouth scaling and root planing along with systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin (T group) or scaling and root planing with a placebo (P group). Clinical measurements including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment levels (CAL), Plaque Index (PI), and Bleeding Index (BI) were recorded at baseline and six to eight weeks after therapy. The deepest pocket was selected and samples for microbiological testing were taken. Patients received coded study medications of either 500 mg amoxicillin in combination with 250 mg metronidazole or an identical placebo every eight hours for seven days following scaling and root planing. Results: There was a significant change in PD (P=0.0001), CAL (P=0.00001), PI (P<0.05), and BI (P<0.05) in the T group compared to the placebo group after therapy. Parallel to the clinical changes, treatment significantly reduced the number of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), s Porphyromonas gingivalis

The elevated fluoride from drinking water impacts on T 3 , T 4 and TSH hormones. The aim was study impacts of drinking water fluoride on T 3 , T 4 and TSH hormones inYGA (Yazd Greater Area). In this case-control study 198 cases and 213 controls were selected. Fluoride was determined by the SPADNS Colorimetric Method. T 3 , T 4 and TSH hormones tested in the Yazd central laboratory by RIA (Radio Immuno Assay) method. The average amount of TSH and T 3 hormones based on the levels of fluoride in two concentration levels 0-0.29 and 0.3-0.5 (mg/L) was statistically significant (P = 0.001 for controls and P = 0.001 for cases). In multivariate regression logistic analysis, independent variable associated with Hypothyroidism were: gender (odds ratio: 2.5, CI 95%: 1.6-3.9), family history of thyroid disease (odds ratio: 2.7, CI 95%: 1.6-4.6), exercise (odds ratio: 5.34, CI 95%: 3.2-9), Diabetes (odds ratio: 3.7, CI 95%: 1.7-8), Hypertension (odds ratio: 3.2, CI 95%: 1.3-8.2), water consumption (odds ratio: 4, CI 95%: 1.2-14). It was found that fluoride has impacts on TSH, T 3 hormones even in the standard concentration of less than 0.5 mg/L. Application of standard household water purification devices was recommended for hypothyroidism.Over the past decade, several studies have focused on the effects of environmental toxins on the human endocrine system, including the impact of fluoride on the thyroid gland 1,2 . Globally, millions of people suffer from thyroid-related problems. When the thyroid gland does not function properly, it can affect multiple aspects of our health [3][4][5] . The most important effect is thyroid complications in pregnant women. Uncontrolled hypothyroidism can raise the blood pressure during late pregnancy, increase the risk of miscarriage and preterm delivery, and affect brain development and growth rate 3-5 . The incidence of thyroid cancer has risen from 2% to 5% per decade. If this trend continues, thyroid cancer may become the fourth most common cancer in the United States by 2030 6 . The incidence rate of this type of cancer is two times more in high-income and middle-income countries as compared to low-income countries. It has a three to four time's higher probability of occurring in women than in men 6 . The adverse effects of fluoride on animal and human health are well documented in the literature 7,8 . The effects of high fluoride ingestion through drinking water, green tea, and ambient air pollution on thyroid hormones (T3, T4, TH, and TSH) were investigated in both humans and animals. Some studies reported a reduction in the T4 and T3 levels as well as an abnormal increase in the TSH levels 9-15 . said that even at 1 mg/L of fluoride in water, T3 levels reduced in teenagers living in Northern Mexico 16 . During the years 2007-2016, the Parents of Fluoride Poisoned Children (PFPC) has reported over 190 studies on the effects of fluoride on thyroid hormones, including studies on both animals and humans 17 . Some studies have discovered the relation between dental fluorosis and thyroid...

Background: Moral courage is one of the fundamental values of nursing profession and a powerful method of coping with ethical problems. Psychological empowerment is a suitable method of enabling individuals to coping mental pressures of the work environment. This study determined the correlation between moral courage and psychological empowerment of nurses. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 180 nurses employed in different wards were selected randomly. Data were collected by Demographics Questionnaire, Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale, and Spreitzer's psychological empowerment Scale and analyzed with SPSS16 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings: The results indicated that the mean score of moral courage was 21.11 ± 69.90 and the greatest amount of moral courage was in the dimension of "going beyond compliance". The mean score of "psychological empowerment" was 30.9 ± 73.58 and the greatest mean belonged to "competence". There was a positive significant correlation between "psychological empowerment" and "moral courage and its dimensions" (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggested a correlation between moral courage and psychological empowerment. Thus, nurses' moral courage could be enhanced by reinforcing their psychological empowerment leading to increased patient satisfaction and quality care.