The output power characteristic of the photovoltaic (PV) panel under partial shading condition (PSC) exhibits multiple peaks: a single global maximum peak (GMP) and several local maximum peaks, which adds more complexity to the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system. Here, a deterministic modified Jaya (DM-Jaya)-based algorithm is proposed for tracking the GMP, where the updating solution formula and the step size in the vicinity of the GMP of the generic Jaya algorithm have been significantly improved, these improvements provide many pros, including quick convergence time, one parameter needs to be tuned, null oscillation in steady-state, and easily implemented in a low-cost microcontroller. The proposed DM-Jaya algorithm is implemented in the hardware prototype; in addition, it is compared to other state-of-the-art techniques under different PSC patterns. The obtained results revealed the effectiveness of the DM-Jaya and its overall superiority compared to other methods in terms of efficiency and tracking time.

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