Diamondoids, sp3‐hybridized nanometer‐sized diamond‐like hydrocarbons (nanodiamonds), difunctionalized with hydroxy and primary phosphine oxide groups, enable the assembly of the first sp3‐C‐based chemical sensors by vapor deposition. Both pristine nanodiamonds and palladium nanolayered composites can be used to detect toxic NO2 and NH3 gases. This carbon‐based gas sensor technology allows reversible NO2 detection down to 50 ppb and NH3 detection at 25–100 ppm concentration with fast response and recovery processes at 100 °C. Reversible gas adsorption and detection is compatible with 50 % humidity conditions. Semiconducting p‐type sensing properties are achieved from devices based on primary phosphine–diamantanol, in which high specific area (ca. 140 m2 g−1) and channel nanoporosity derive from H‐bonding.

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