Summary — New discriminant analysis procedures have been presented to identify Africanized and European honey bees. These procedures are founded on data from 2 103 samples of honey bees collected from colonies at several locations in the western hemisphere and Kangaroo Island, Australia. Various univariate and multivariate analyses have been used to select the morphological characteristics and the groups of characteristics to be used in the analysis. The multivariate discriminant analysis correctly identified 565 (95.6%) of the 591 Africanized colonies and correctly identified all of the 1 512 European colonies.

The western black-legged tick, Ixodes paci®cus, is a primary vector of the spirochaete, Borrelia burgdorferi, that causes Lyme disease. We used variation in a 355-bp DNA portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase III gene to assess the population structure of the tick across its range from British Columbia to southern California and east to Utah. Ixodes paci®cus showed considerable haplotype diversity despite low nucleotide diversity. Maximum parsimony and isolationby-distance analyses revealed little genetic structure except between a geographically isolated Utah locality and all other localities. Loss of mtDNA polymorphism in Utah ticks is consistent with a postPleistocene founder event. The pattern of genetic di erentiation in the continuous part of the range of Ixodes paci®cus reinforces recent recognition of the di culties involved in using genetic frequency data to infer gene¯ow and migration.

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A key, synonymy, descriptions and distributions are given for twelve species of Ceratina (Euceratina), including three new species, C.maghrebensis, C.neocallosa, C.saundersi; two species of Ceratina (Ceratina, s.s.); and two species of Pithitis. A neotype is designated for Ccallosa and d lectotypes for C-callosa algeriensis, Cchalybea, C.cyanea imitatriw , Cdecolorans, C.laevifrons moricei, C.mocsaryi and Cnigrolabiata. Ecology of bees in overwintering nests in Tunisia is discussed. Evidence is given for congeneric interference competition for nesting substrates and resource partitioning. C.dallatorreana is shown to reproduce probably entirely by thelytoky and thus is unique among Apoidea. with short borings 3 . 6 and 9 mm in diameter).