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Small molecule BODIPY dyes incorporating conjugated substituents at the β sites have been synthesized. Solution processed inverted bulk heterojunction cells were fabricated from the blends of the dyes and PC(71)BM. The cells exhibited very high open-circuit voltages (>0.9 V) and a high conversion efficiency of 3.22% has been achieved.

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This study reports the successful growth of large-scale vertically aligned ZnO nanowires on sapphire, glass, and Si substrates by direct thermal evaporation without the employment of either metal catalysts or seed layers via a surface-roughness-assisted vapor−solid mechanism. Simple processing steps including mechanical scratching, mechanical polishing, and chemical etching have been utilized to demonstrate the effectiveness of the present approach. The advantages include easy achievement of vertically aligned nanowires and applicability on various types of substrates.

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