We concluded that universal maternal rectovaginal culture of GBS with intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis is an urgent call to reduce EOD and mortality because of GBS infection in neonates in Taiwan.

Pediatric PSP occurred mainly in boys of the late teenage group with lower body mass index. Autumn was the most likely attack season. There was only a small portion of the patients who smoked. There was no evidence to find a correlation between smoking and pediatric PSP attacks. Length of stay was shorter in supportive treatment and closed-tube drainage patients than that in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery-treated patients. The outcomes were satisfactory.

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