Correlation between the permittivity of white matter and cerebral edema was studied. A time domain reflectometer was used to measure the permittivity changes of canine cerebral white matter due to edema produced in vitro by osmosis over a frequency range of 100 MHz to 1 GHz. For all frequencies, a strong correlation was found between the water content and the dielectric constant (R approximately 0.86) and loss factor (R approximately 0.82). The results suggest that it may be possible to estimate both the tissue water content as well as the composition of the accumulated edematous fluid.

Neutrophilic dermatosis on the site of lymphedema is a rare condition and considered as a localized and less severe variant of Sweet syndrome. Only 13 cases of this variant have been reported after mastectomy for breast cancer in the English-language published work. However, this condition has never been described on the lower limbs or from other causes of lymphedema. Herein, we report two cases of localized Sweet syndrome on the lymphedematous lower limbs: one occurred after radical hysterectomy, bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection and radiotherapy for cervical cancer; the other developed after radiotherapy for malignant melanoma on the right groin. Based on clinical and histological features, we suggest the name "lymphedema-associated neutrophilic dermatosis" for this underrecognized disease entity.

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Micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma is a rare thymic neoplasm characterized by discrete nodules of epithelial tumor cells separated by abundant lymphoid stroma. The genetic features of micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma remain largely unexplored. Owing to the interference of abundant intra-tumoral non-neoplastic lymphoid cells, a highly sensitive approach is necessary to study the genetic changes in these tumors. In this study, we applied a highly sensitive next-generation sequencing assay using molecular barcoding Ion AmpliSeq HD technology to study the most commonly mutated genes in thymomas, including GTF2I, HRAS, NRAS, KRAS, and TP53. A total of 12 cases of micronodular thymomas with lymphoid stroma were tested, and 2 cases also had areas of type A thymoma in their tumor bed. Two micronodular thymic carcinomas with lymphoid stroma, a histological mimic of micronodular thymoma, were also included for comparison. Recurrent GTF2I p.L424H mutations were found in all cases of micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma but not in micronodular thymic carcinomas. In addition, 3 cases of micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma also had concomitant HRAS and/or KRAS mutations. Our study shows that GTF2I p.L424H mutation is a constant genetic feature in micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma. This finding strongly suggests micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma is closely related to type A and type AB thymomas as they all share GTF2I p.L424H mutations.