The adenosine A2A receptor antagonist SCH58261 has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, its role in chronic periodontitis (CP)-induced cognitive impairment, which is associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis LPS), remains unclear. This study investigated the role of SCH58261 in mice with CP-induced cognitive impairment. C57BL/6J mice were used to develop CP model by injecting 0.5 mg/kg P. gingivalis LPS into the palatal gingival sulcus of maxillary first molars twice a week for four weeks. The mice were divided into control, P. gingivalis LPS (P-LPS), P-LPS + SCH58261, and SCH58261 groups. The passive avoidance test (PAT) and Morris water maze (MWM) were used to assess cognition in mice. Furthermore, CD73/adenosine, neuroinflammation, glutamate transporters, and glutamate were assessed. Compared with the P-LPS group, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg SCH58261 increased latency and decreased error times in PAT, but increased platform crossing number in MWM. SCH58261 inhibited microglial activation, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and glutamate levels, but increased GLT-1 and PSD95 expression in the hippocampus. This was the first report of SCH58261 treatment for CP-induced cognitive impairment, which may be related to its anti-inflammatory activities and anti-glutamate excitatory neurotoxicity. This suggests that SCH58261 can be used as a novel agent to treat cognitive impairment.

Background: Perineal pain is a painful neuropathic condition, which does not have a standard diagnostic or treatment approach. As such, we sought to evaluate the global scientific output of research into perineal pain and explore trends from 1981 to 2021 using bibliometric methods. Methods: Articles on perineal pain were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. We analyzed the content and quality of publications from within the specified timeframe. We also utilized VOSviewer to mine and cluster data from retrieved articles. Results: A total of 1917 articles were collected. The number of related papers published increased year by year. Articles were most frequently published by authors in the United States and France. Although the US remains at the center of this field, publications from China have become more frequent in recent years. We also found that French academic institutions dominate the field of perineal pain, and Jean-Jacques Labat from Nantes Universite is the most published author in the field. “Episiotomy”, “pain”, “management”, “prostatectomy”, “pelvic pain”, and “complication” were frequently cited as keywords. Conclusion: The increasing number of publications each year indicates that perineal pain has gained more attention as an important research topic.