Background With the continuous development of the society, the pace of life is accelerating, psychological health has become an important factor affecting people's quality of life. Domestic studies have shown that mental diseases have become an important cause of College Students' sick leave, withdrawal, addiction, crime and suicide. Personality traits and social support factors have been considered to be related to psychological health. Methods In this study, Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Eysenck Personality Questionaire (EPQ) and Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS) of some freshmen in 2020 were randomly selected from the psychological census database of a university in China as the research data. The decision tree algorithm was used to establish a predictive model for psychological health related personality straits and social support factors of college students. In association analysis, we got the most closely effect factors with psychological health or psychological abnormality by analyzing important association rules. According to the distance, all effect factors were classified into different clusters by system clustering, and the relationship between effect factors and mental health was further analyzed. Results Combining the results of the three algorithms, we found that social support and personality traits factors had a certain rule on the effect of college students' psychological health, and social support factors were more important than personality traits factors. Among the social support factors, the most important was family support, followed by friend support and other support. The higher the level of support of the three, the greater the possibility of psychological health. In the personality traits factors, the most important was N, followed by E, and P. The three grades were high or low, may lead to abnormal psychology, and the medium grade was an important condition to maintain psychological health. Conclusion The results provided important references for the analysis of the effect factors on psychological health and important theoretical basis for the formulation of psychological intervention measures for college students.

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