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Sedimentological and paleoenvironmental scenario before, during, and after the Messinian Salinity Crisis: The San Miguel de Salinas composite section (western Mediterranean) Highlights 1) The sedimentary record is divided into three synthems: Messinian I (pre-evaporitic), Messinian II (syn-evaporitic), and Pliocene (post-evaporitic). 2) Marls associated with gypsum beds (syn-evaporitic phase) record dwarf planktonic foraminifera. 3) The syn-evaporitic phase (chron 3Cr) records major changes in water salinity in a stressed marine environment. 4) Two erosional surfaces correspond to the intra-and end-Messinian unconformities. 5) The end-Messinian unconformity is represented by an incised paleovalley.