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CONCLUSIONThis paper has introduced a new numerical scheme to analyse the forward problem in microwave tomography systems, which was governed by the wire-volume electric-field integral equations. The triangular function and volumetric rooftop function are chosen as the basis functions to approximate the unknowns. The Bi-CG method was employed to solve the system of linear equations. The measured and numerical results have been presented and their comparison demonstrates that this scheme is efficient, and that the 2D method is inaccurate even, when the system has a simple antenna subsystem of two dipoles, one transmitter and one receiver. Microwave Theory Tech 38 (1990), 981-980. 5. R. Kleinman and P. van der Berg, A modified gradient method for two-

This paper discusses the applicability of loaded circular‐loop antennas for impulse radio systems using a time‐domain integral‐equation (TDIE) method. The circular loops loaded with lumped and distributed resistances are characterized for pulse radiation and reception. The effects of the loads on the current distributions are investigated. The performance of the system comprising two identical loop antennas is examined and validated by measurement for ultra‐wideband applications. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 151–156, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20405