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Determining the coupling development mode and evolution process of the tourism industry–urbanization–ecological environment system is of great significance in promoting high-quality and sustainable development of tourism and the urban economy. In this study, an evaluation index system of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment system was established, and the spatiotemporal differentiation of the coupling and coordination relationship of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment system was analyzed for 35 major tourist cities in China from 2009 to 2018. The results show that the comprehensive development indices of the tourism industry subsystem and urbanization subsystem of China’s major tourist cities have steadily increased. The comprehensive development indices of large-sized and medium-sized cities in the east are relatively high. From 2009 to 2018, the coordination degree and coupling degree of the tourism–urbanization–ecological environment’’ system of 35 tourist cities showed an upward trend. The growth rate of the coupling coordination degree lags behind the growth rate of the coupling degree, and the overall system coordination level is still low. There are significant differences in the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree among the eastern, central, and western cities. This study offers both theoretical and practical implications for further equalizing the development level between the cities, as well as improving the overall coordination between the tourism industry, urbanization, and the ecological environment in China.

Tourism is crucial for promoting industrial development and is an important driver of China’s new type of urbanization. A tourism urbanization index system was constructed in three dimensions: the tourism industry, urbanization, and the ecological environment. The spatial–temporal differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of tourism urbanization in 35 major tourist cities in China from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed using the state space method, standard deviation ellipse, and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The results show the following. (1) Over time, the tourism industry index displays an upward trend, the urbanization index exhibits a more obvious upward trend, and the ecological environment index fluctuates strongly. Under the influence of all three factors, the tourism urbanization index shows a fluctuating rising trend. (2) Regarding the spatial distribution pattern, the development center of tourism urbanization shifts to the southeast, and the distribution direction is northeast-southwest. There is a significant agglomeration in global spatial autocorrelation. The local spatial correlation pattern is dominated by correlation characteristics and supplemented by different characteristics. (3) In terms of influencing factors, policy and regional development strategy, tourism resource endowment, economic development level, and traffic conditions are listed in descending order of influencing degree. Finally, we put forward some suggestions.

Background and purpose:Previous studies demonstrated that intraplaque haemorrhage increased the contents of cholesterol and oxidants in atherosclerotic plaques. The present study was aimed to test the hypothesis that enhanced expression of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) may stabilize vulnerable plaques. Experimental approach: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed to identify three similar abdominal aortic plaques in each of 58 fat-fed New Zealand rabbits after aortic balloon injury. With the guidance of IVUS, 50 mL autologous erythrocytes (RBC) or normal saline (NS) were injected from adventitia into two of the pre-selected plaques, respectively, whereas the third plaque served as a blank control. All rabbits were randomly divided into two groups, receiving intraperitoneal injection of haemin and saline respectively. Key results: Compared with NS or control plaques, RBC plaques had more macrophage infiltration and lipid content, thinner plaque fibrous cap, and higher expression of inflammatory factors and incidence of plaque rupture. RBC plaques in the haemin group had about a 50% lower incidence of plaque rupture than those in the control group. Conclusions and implications:Haem oxygenase-1 may eliminate haem or other oxidants, exert unexpected anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects and serve as a promising approach to the direct inhibition of erythrocyte-induced plaque instability.British Journal of Pharmacology (2010) 160, 1484-1495; doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00799.x Keywords: atherosclerosis; erythrocyte; vulnerable plaque; haem oxygenase-1; intraplaque hemorrhage Abbreviations: EEMA, external elastic membrane area; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HDL, highdensity lipoprotein; HO-1, haem oxygenase-1; IVUS, intravascular ultrasound; LA, lumen area; LDL, lowdensity lipoprotein; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; MDA, malondialdehyde; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NF-kB, nuclear transcription factor kB; NS, normal saline; PB, plaque burden; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; RBC, erythrocyte; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; SOD, superoxide dismutase; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TIMP-1, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 IntroductionPathological studies have demonstrated that vulnerable plaques induced by intraplaque hemorrhage are frequently associated with increased density of microvessels (Burke et al., 1999;Kockx et al., 2003) and presence of erythrocyte membranes within the necrotic core (Kolodgie et al., 2003). The number of vasa vasorum was increased twofold and fourfold in vulnerable and ruptured plaques, respectively, as compared with stable plaques. The cholesterol content of the erythrocyte membrane was also found to contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis (Torkhovskaia et al., 1983;Miwa et al., 2003). Lipid contents derived from erythrocytes were associated with large necrotic cores of atherosclerotic plaques with intraplaque hemorrhage (Kolodgie et al., 200...

Abstract-With the popular spread of electronic products, more and more related applications based on a virtual platform are being utilized. Meanwhile, more and more concerns are surfacing about the implementation of the functionality of virtual reality technology in the education or training field. The paper gives a specific example to propose the characteristics of a gaming education application based on Shiva 3D game engine. The implementation of this kind of application indicates that virtual reality technology of video games can be used in self-learning in education and training and can have significant results.