The interaction of fisetholz with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by multi-spectroscopic, cyclic voltammetric, and molecular docking technique. The results revealed that there was a static quenching of BSA/HSA induced by fisetholz. The binding constants (K) and binding sites (n) were calculated at different temperatures (293, 303, and 311 K). The enthalpy change (ΔH) were calculated to be -17.20 kJ mol (BSA) and -18.28 kJ mol (HSA) and the entropy change (ΔS) were calculated to be 35.41 J mol (BSA) and 24.02 J mol (HSA), respectively, which indicated that the interaction between fisetholz and BSA/HSA was mainly by electrostatic attraction. Based on displacement experiments using site probes, indomethacin and ibuprofen, the binding site of fisetholz to BSA/HSA was identified as sub-domain IIIA, which was further confirmed by molecular docking method. There was little effect of K, Ca, Cu, Zn, and Fe on fisetholz-BSA or fisetholz-HSA complex. The spectra of synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) all showed that fisetholz binding to BSA/HSA leads to secondary structures change of the two serum albumins. According to the Förster non-radiation energy transfer theory, the binding distance between fisetholz and BSA/HSA was 2.94/4.68 nm. The cyclic voltammetry as a supporting tool also indicated that fisetholz interacted with protein. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

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The interaction of paylean (PL) with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, UV absorption, melting studies, ionic strength, viscosity experiments and molecular docking under simulated physiological conditions. Values for the binding constant Ka between PL and DNA were 5.11 × 10(3) , 2.74 × 10(3) and 1.74 × 10(3)  L mol(-1) at 19, 29 and 39°C respectively. DNA quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of PL via a static quenching procedure as shown from Stern-Volmer plots. The relative viscosity and the melting temperature of DNA were basically unchanged in the presence of PL. The fluorescence intensity of PL-DNA decreased with increasing ionic strength. The value of Ka for PL with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) was larger than that for PL with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). All the results revealed that the binding mode was groove binding, and molecular docking further indicated that PL was preferentially bonded to A-T-rich regions of DNA. The values for ΔH, ΔS and ΔG suggested that van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonding might be the main acting forces between PL and DNA. The binding distance was determined to be 3.37 nm based on the theory of Förster energy transference, which indicated that a non-radiation energy transfer process occurred. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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