The two routes for the synthesis of SACs are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are compared.

In this paper, eight methods for identifying single atom catalysts are reviewed. Two of them can directly observe the existence of single atoms, while other methods can provide corresponding evidence of the existence of single atoms.

This review will describe several PNF catalysts' research progress and also point out the remaining challenges and future opportunities.

The massive consumption of fossil energy leads to excessive emissions of CO2, which has caused global warming. Solar-driven CO2 conversion is a promising avenue that could solve the energy crisis and environmental pollution issues simultaneously. For photocatalytic CO2 conversion reactions, several photocatalysts have been developed such as semiconductors and plasmonic metal-based catalysts. Among them, plasmonic metal-based catalysts have attracted extensive attention due to their strong light harvesting capacities and low electron–hole pair recombination rates, which are beneficial for photocatalytic CO2 conversion. This review summarizes the progress of plasmonic metal-based catalysts in CO2 reduction with H2, CH4, H2O, and organic chemicals and generalizes the mechanism of plasmonic metal-based catalysts in CO2 conversion reactions.

The appearance of the "double carbon" era indicates more significant concerns in CO2 utilization. CO2 to methanol is one of the most promising methods for converting CO2, but the extensive...