No abstract

Mechanical stimuli control cell behaviors that are crucial for bone tissue repair. Osteocytes sense extracellular mechanical stimuli then convert them into biochemical signals to harmonize bone remodeling. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Autophagy, which is an evolutionarily preserved process, that occurs at a basal level when stimulated by multiple environmental stresses. We postulated that mechanical stimulation upregulates osteocyte autophagy via AMPK-associated signaling, driving osteocyte-mediated osteogenesis. Using a murine model of orthodontic tooth movement, we show that osteocyte autophagy is triggered by mechanical tension, increasing the quantity of LC3B-positive osteocytes by 4-fold in the tension side. Both in vitro mechanical tension as well as the chemical autophagy agonist enhanced osteocyte Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) secretion, which is an osteogenenic related cytokine, by 2-and 3-fold, respectively. Conditioned media collected from tensioned osteocytes enhanced osteoblast viability. These results indicate that mechanical tension drives autophagy-mediated FGF23 secretion from osteocytes and promotes osteogenesis. Our findings highlight a potential strategy for accelerating osteogenesis in orthodontic clinical settings.

No abstract

Based on the system theory and principal-agent theory, the project choice of China's 95 platform enterprises as the research object, based on the comprehensive analysis of internal and external environment, consider the external institutional factors, internal governance structure optimization, select "system management" because of conditions before the configuration, using the fuzzy qualitative comparative analysis study on causal configuration (fsQCA), Further explore the role and influence mechanism of this conditional configuration in ambidextrous innovation activities of platform enterprises.It is found that board capital in internal governance factor and intellectual property protection in external institutional factor are the core conditions for high exploratory innovation behavior.For high development innovation behavior, the core conditions of high development innovation behavior are ownership concentration degree of internal governance factors, incentive mechanism and tax incentive of external governance factors.