In poultry, the nervous system has many differences among species. The intumescentia lumbosacralis is one of the enlargements of the medulla spinalis, and the lumbosacral plexus originates from here. The nerves which are responsible for the innervation of the hind limbs and pelvic region originate in the lumbosacral plexus. The aim of this study was to compare the lumbar plexus (plexus lumbalis) of magpies (Pica pica) and chukar partridges (Alectoris chukar). In the present study, 20 magpies and 20 chukar partridges were used. The nerves that form the lumbar plexus were dissected separately and photographed in both species. In both studied species, the lumbar plexus was formed by the ventral rami of the second, third, and fourth synsacral spinal nerves at the ventrolateral part of the synsacrum. It was noted that the nervus (n.) cutaneus femoris, n. coxalis cranialis, n. femoralis, n. saphenus, and n. obturatorius originate from this plexus. In conclusion, in both species, the formation of the lumbar plexus and the nerves that originate from this plexus are similar to each other and similar to many winged species. There are also some minimal differences.

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The interdigital glands of sheep perform various functions including those pertaining to sexual behaviors. Morphological and histological structure of the gland demonstrates differences among species. The aim of this study is to examine the morphological and histological structure of Hasak and Hasmer sheep's interdigital glands and to determine the differences with other sheep breeds. For this research, we selected 7 Hasak and 7 Hasmer female sheep. After scarification, the feet were obtained and used for anatomical and histological examinations. For the histological examination, the interdigital gland tissues were stained with Crossman modified triple, Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Alcian blue (AB) staining. The morphometric analysis results, mean values of weight, body length, body diameter, flexura, ductus length, ductus diameter, were observed as 0. 80mm, 14.61mm, 5.98mm, 5.62mm, 26.58mm and 3.25mm respectively in Hasak and 0.8mm, 15.46mm, 6.37mm, 5.70mm, 24.52 and 3.52 in Hasmer sheep. The histochemical staining revealed that the apocrine secretion of this gland was PAS positive and AB negative. The weight, body length, body diameter, flexura, ductus length and ductus diameter in the forefoot's interdigital glands of both Hasak and Hasmer sheep were higher in a statistically significant manner than those of the hindfeet's glands.

Öz: Çalışma, Konya merinosunun a. celiaca'sı ve dallarının makroanatomik olarak incelenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Araştırmada 10 adet Konya merinosu kullanıldı. Materyallere latex enjeksiyon metodu uygulandı. A. celiaca'nın, aorta abdominalis'in ventral yüzünden ilk ana damar olarak orijin aldıktan sonra a. lienalis ve a. hepatica ile a. gastrica sinistra'nın ortak kökü olmak üzere iki dala ayrıldığı gözlendi. A. lienalis, ilk olarak pancreas'a giden rami pancreatici'yi verdi. Daha sonra damar'ın ramus epiploicus, a. ruminalis sinistra ve a. ruminalis dextra'yı verdiği tespit edildi. A. hepatica, a. gastrica sinistra ile ortak bir kök halinde a. celiaca'dan ayrıldı. A. hepatica'nın porta hepatis hizasında a. gastrica dextra ve a. cystica'yı verdikten sonra a. gastroduodenalis olarak seyrine devam ettiği saptandı. A. gastrica sinistra'nın a. celiaca'nın verdiği dalların en kalını olduğu ve seyri esnasında a. reticularis, a. gastroepiploica sinistra, a. reticularis accessoria'yı verdikten sonra abomasum'un curvatura minor bölgesinde a. gastrica dextra ile anastomozlaştığı belirlendi. Sonuç olarak, a. celiaca'nın mide, dalak, pankreas, karaciğer, safra kesesi ve duedoneum'un başlangıç kısımlarının arteriel vaskülarizasyonunu sağladığı tespit edildi. Abstract:This study was carried out in Konya Merino for the purpose of macroanatomical examination of a. celiaca and its branches. In the study, 10 Konya merinos were used. Latex injection method was applied to the materials. After the origin of the a. celiaca, the ventral origin of the abdominal aorta as the first main vessel, which a. lienalis and a. hepatica and a. gastrica sinistra were divided into two branches as common root. A. lienalis first gave rami pancreatici to pancreas. Thereafter, the vessel was found to give ramus epiploicus, a. ruminalis sinistra and a. ruminalis dextra. As a common root which A. hepatica and a. gastrica sinistra left from a.celiaca. In the porta hepatis line, a. hepatica was give off a. gastrica dextra and a. cystica, then it was continued as a. gastroduodenalis. Arteria gastrica sinistra was found to be the thickest branches of the a. celiaca and anastomosed with a. gastrica dextra in the curvatura minor region of abomasum after giving arteria reticularis, a. gastroepiploica sinistra, and a. reticularis accessoria during course. As a result, It was determined that a. celiaca was found to provide arterial vascularization of the stomach, spleen, pancreas, liver, gall bladder and initial part of duodenum.

Context Light treatment has a regulatory role in some growth-related functions, including thyroid development in chicks. Aims This study aimed to investigate the effects of different photoperiod treatments on thyroid organ weight and serum thyroid hormone concentrations of broilers by use of biochemical and histological methods. Methods After the hatching, 120 broiler chicks (Ross) were divided into two main groups according to sex. Both groups were then split into two sub-groups based on photoperiod treatment: 16 h (i.e. 16 h light:8 h dark) and 24 h (24 h light:0 h dark). Thyroid gland and blood samples of six animals from each group were obtained after slaughtering at 7-day intervals from Day 14 after hatching to Day 42. Serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by the chemiluminescence method for all groups. Thyroid weight, bodyweight and thyroid follicle diameter were also measured. Key results Thyroid weight:bodyweight ratio generally started to increase from Day 14 to Day 42, with no significant (P > 0.05) difference among the groups at the same age. For both male and female broiler chicks, morphometric measures increased as birds grew. Serum FT3 and TSH concentrations slightly decreased and serum FT4 concentrations increased in growing chicks of both sexes. Conclusions Extending the photoperiod from 16 to 24 h had no effects on thyroid gland development or functions in terms of both biochemical and morphometric parameters in broiler chicks. Implications Continuous light has minimal effects on thyroid functions of growing broiler chicks to Day 42.