The effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation (6.6×108 cfu) and anhydrous ammonia treatment (3%) of wheat straw (WS) were investigated on in-situ dry matter (DM) degradability, and on rumen fermentation and growth performance of lambs. Rumen-fistulated Menemen sheep fed a diet with and without live yeast were used to assess the DM degradability characteristics of WS and ammonia-treated wheat straw (WSNH3). Twenty-six yearling Menemen male lambs were fed in four groups. Lambs of control group (WS) received untreated WS without supplemental yeast, whereas other three groups were fed WS treated with anhydrous ammonia (WSNH3 group), untreated WS and yeast (WS+YEAST group) or WS treated with anhydrous ammonia and yeast (WSNH3+YEAST group). Supplemented live yeast (4 g/d) was added in the diet. Lambs were offered untreated or ammonia treated WS ad-libitum and concentrate was fed at 1% of live body weight. The degradability of the water-insoluble (fraction B) was significantly increased by all of the treatment groups. Potential degradability (A+B), effective DM degradability’s (pe2, pe5, and pe8) and average daily weight gain increased only in WSNH3+YEAST group (p<0.05). Voluntary DM intake was not increased by the treatments (p>0.05), but voluntary metabolizable energy and crude protein intake were increased by WSNH3 and by WSNH3+YEAST (p<0.05). Average daily rumen pH was not affected by any of the treatments, but average daily NH3-N was significantly higher in the WSNH3 and WSNH3+YEAST groups, and total volatile fatty acids were significantly higher in the WS+YEAST and WSNH3+YEAST groups. In conclusion, the improvement of feed value of WS was better by the combination of ammonia-treatment and yeast supplementation compared to either treatment alone.

The experiment was conducted to determine nutritive values of caramba (Lolium multiflorum cv. caramba) fresh, silage and hay by in vivo and in vitro methods. There was a statistically significant difference (p<0.01) in crude protein content value between fresh caramba (12.83%) and silage (8.91%) and hay (6.35%). According to results of experiment, the crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin contents of the three forms of caramba varied between 30.22% to 35.06%, 57.41% to 63.70%, 35.32% to 43.29%, and 5.55% to 8.86% respectively. There were no significant differences between the three forms of caramba in digestibility of nutrients and in vivo metabolizable energy (ME) values (p>0.05). However, the highest MECN (ME was estimated using crude nutrients) and MEADF values were found in fresh caramba (p<0.01). As a result, it could be said that, there were no differences between the three forms of caramba in nutrient composition, digestibility and ME value, besides drying and ensiling did not affect digestibility of hay. Consequently, caramba either as fresh, silage or hay is a good alternative source of forage for ruminants.

The referees list / Hakem listesi Journal of Animal Production is a peer-reviewed journal. List of referees is given in the last press issue of the year.Hayvansal Üretim hakemli bir dergi olup, hakem listesi her yılın son sayısında basılı yayınlanmaktadır.Journal of Animal Production is published two times in a year (May and November) by Ege Animal Science Association in Turkey. Detail information about Ege Animal Science Association and Journal of Animal Science could be finding from the web site of the Ege Animal Science Association or correspondence address of the journal given below. Guidelines to authors are also given at the end of each issue of the journal.Hayvansal Üretim dergisi, Ege Zootekni Derneği'nin "yaygın süreli" bir yayınıdır. Yılda iki kez (Mayıs ve Kasım aylarında) yayınlanmaktadır. Ege Zootekni Derneği ve Hayvansal Üretim dergisine ilişkin ayrıntılı ve güncel bilgiler Ege Zootekni Derneği'nin internet sitesinden veya dergi yazışma adresinden öğrenilebilir. Yazım kuralları derginin her sayısının sonunda verilmektedir.

ÖZETu çalışmanın amacı, mısır silajına karvakrol ilavesinin aerobik stabilite, pH ve görsel küflenme üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Karvakrol, mısır hasılına 0, 200, 400, 800, 1600 ppm dozlarında ilave edilmiş ve silolama dönemi 50 gün sürmüştür. Silolama süresi sonunda silajlarda kuru madde, pH, aerobik stabilite (CO2 miktarı) ve görsel küflenme analizleri yapılmıştır. Buna göre, mısır silajına karvakrol ilavesinin kuru madde ve pH değerlerini (1. ve 3.gün hariç) etkilemediği, ancak artan dozla beraber aerobik stabiliteyi ve görsel küflenmeyi önemli (p<0.05) düzeyde iyileştirdiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, silajın aerobik stabilitesini iyileştirmek amacıyla karvakrolün kullanılabileceği, en etkili dozun 1600 ppm olmakla birlikte, 400 ve 800 ppm uygulamalarında da aerobik stabilitenin geliştiği ortaya konmuştur.

The objective of this experiment was to estimate in situ effective crude protein degradability (EPD) with Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) parameters [crude protein fractions (A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C) and degradable protein intake value (DIP) values] of six energyrich feedstuffs. Four cereals: maize, wheat, barley, rye and two wheat middling (WM-1 and WM-2) were tested. The in situ effective protein degradability (EPD) was calculated using the nylon bag method where the test feedstuffs incubated in the rumen of three Tahirova wethers. The EPD's were estimated as EPD2, EPD5 and EPD8 assuming rumen outflow rates of 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 h -1 . The crude protein fractions i.e. A=NPN, B 1 =fast, B 2 =intermediate, B 3 =slow and C=not fermented and unavailable to the animal were calculated using the soluble protein (SolP), the non-protein nitrogen (NPN, % of SolP), the neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and the acid detergent insoluble protein (ADIP=C) values of feedstuffs based on CNCPS. Then, DIP was calculated by using CNCPS crude protein fractions, degradation rate of B fractions (Kd) and coefficients of outflow rate on the different levels of dry matter intake (Kp): (DIP 1X =at 1x maintenance level of intake, DIP 2x =at 2x maintenance level of intake, and DIP 3x =at 3x maintenance level of intake). It was found that there was a significant multiple regression relation between the EPD8 (g/kg DM) and crude protein fractions (g/kg DM) (R 2 =0.96, n=18, P<0.001), and simple regression relation between the EPD8 (g/kg DM) and DIP 3X (g/kg DM) (R 2 =0.98, n=18, P<0.001). These regression relations did not improve when the different rumen outflow rates were used to estimate EPD. In conclusion, we claimed that in situ effective protein degradation (EPD) can be reliably and accurately predicted from CP fractions and DIP values in cereals and wheat middling. Keywords: Nylon bag method, CNCPS parameters, Protein degradation, Energy-rich feedstuffs Ruminantlarda Enerjice Zengin Yem Hammaddelerin In Situ Etkin Ham Protein Yıkımlanabilirliklerinin Cornell Net Karbonhidrat ve Protein Sistemi Kullanılarak Tahmin Edilmesi ÖzetBu çalışma, enerjice zengin altı adet yem hammaddesinin ruminantlarda in situ etkin ham protein yıkımlanabilirliklerinin (EPD), Cornell Net Karbonhidrat and Protein Sistemi (CNCPS) parametreleri [ham protein fraksiyonları (A, B 1 , B 2 , B 3 and C) ve tüketilen parçalanabilir protein (DIP)] kullanılarak belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın yem materyali mısır, buğday, arpa, çavdar ile iki farklı buğday kepeğinden (WM-1 ve WM-2) oluşturulmuştur. Yem hammaddelerinin in situ etkin ham protein yıkımlanabilirlikleri (EPD), üç adet Tahirova koçu kullanılarak nylon kese tekniği ile belirlenmiştir. EPD değerleri (EPD2, EPD5 and EPD8) 0.02, 0.05 ve 0.08 s -1 rumenden geçiş hızı katsayılarında hesaplanmıştır. Ham protein fraksiyonları A=NPN, B 1 =Hızlı, B 2 =Orta, B 3 =Yavaş ve C=yararlanılamayan protein, CNCPS ile tahıllar ve buğday kepeklerinin çözünebilir protein (SolP), protein t...