The following study was conducted in a private date palm orchard in the area of AlFurat, district of Heet throughout the season of 2019-2020 on 20-year-old date palm trees, Zahdi cultivar. The purpose was to study the effects of spraying the Urea compound with concentrations of (0, 1 and 2 g L-1) as well as seaweed extract (Tecamin Algae) with (0, 2 and 4 g L-1) of concentration on the growth and chemical content of the trees. 27 date palms were randomly selected. A factorial experiment with RCBD design was carried out such that it includes 9 treatments with 3 replicas for each treatment. Each tree was treated as one experimental unit. The results demonstrated that treatments of Urea spraying, especially with 2 g L-1 concentration, contributed to achieving the best results for response measurements (Leaf Area, Total Chlorophyll, Total Carbohydrates in the Leaflets, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous), which were (2.61 m2, 10.65 mg g-1, 7.46%, 1.69% and 0.40%), respectively. The content of phosphorous in the leaflets was not significantly affected when sprayed with Urea. On the other hand, seaweed extract spraying had a significant effect on all the response measurements. The 4 ml L-1 concentration gave the highest figures for our responses (total chlorophyll 10.38 mg g-1, Carbohydrates 7.52%, Nitrogen 1.65%, Phosphorus 0.37% and Potassium 0.67%). The concentration of (2 ml L-1) gave the largest area of the leaf at 2.63 m2.

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This study was conducted in one of the private palm groves in Anbar governorate, Heet city, Al-Furat district during the 2019-2020 growing season on date palm trees (Zahdi cultivar), to study the effect spraying urea at a concentration (0, 1 and 2 g L−1) and seaweed algae extract at a concentration (0, 2 and 4 ml L−1). Twenty-seven of 20-year-old trees were selected. A factorial experiment was carried out in randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) included 9 treatments and 3 replications. The results showed that urea treatments especially 2 g L−1 have the best yield traits (fruit weight, cluster weight, yield and reducing sugars in fruits which reached (9.62 g, 13.62 kg, 163.2 kg tree−1 and 54.07%), respectively. As to 1g L−1 urea gave the highest volume of fruits which is (6.43 cm3). Whereas the urea has no significant effect on the nitrate content in fruits . On the other hand, the spraying with 4 ml L−1 of seaweed extract has significant effect on volume of fruits and reducing sugars that reached to the highest values of (6.21 cm3 and 53.86%), respectively. While the concentration of 2 ml L−1 revealed the highest cluster weight of (13.21kg and total yield of 132.1kg tree−1). Furthermore, it reduced nitrate content of fruit to the minimum level of (30.95 mg L−1).

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The three anterior pairs of spiracles of Laccotrephes maculatus F., have been described and depicted. In submerged condition L. maculatus derives oxygen from the air stores communicating with the spiracles. The first pair of spiracles lies in the intersegmental membrane between the prothorax and mesothorax. The second and third pairs of spiracles are located in the mesothorax and metathorax respectively. All the three pairs of spiracles possess a cuticular sieve plate with a network of trabeculae. The mesothoracic and metathoracic sieve plates have a tough inner membrane which limits permeability. The sieve plate of the third spiracle in contrast lacks the inner membrane. The first abdominal spiracle therefore, is important in the exchange of gases.