El desarrollo de procesos de construcción es una de las principales causas que genera la emisión de dióxido de carbono o gases efecto invernadero (GEI), los cuales originan graves consecuencias para el planeta y a su vez problemas socioeconómicos reflejados en la salud humana, seguridad alimentaria, migraciones, impactos financieros entre otros. Por esto, resulta muy importante crear indicadores que proporcionen información sobre la cantidad de Ton-CO2 generada en los procesos constructivos en general y especialmente, ahora que muchos de estos procesos se han detenido a raíz de la emergencia sanitaria del Covid-19. Por lo cual, el presente trabajo busca describir cómo son llevados a cabo los procesos de construcción y las emisiones de Dióxido de Carbono que influyen en los resultados socio-económicos de México, especialmente, durante el tiempo de pandemia del Covid-19. Los autores que fundamentan los aspectos teóricos de esta investigación son: Hepburn & Stern (2008); Moreno Sánchez y Urbina Soria (2008), Magrin, et al, (2007), entre otros. La metodología aplicada es de carácter descriptica, documental, tomando como población de estudio el fraccionamiento “Cantabria” de Ciudad Obregón de México. Donde se pudo determinar entre los resultados que la cantidad de dióxido de carbono que se produce durante la construcción de un fraccionamiento equivale a un total de 10.5 TonCO2/m2 en condiciones normales, sin embargo, con la pandemia esta cantidad de gases disminuyó considerablemente, dada la paralización de muchas actividades económicas entre ellas la construcción. Con lo cual se recomienda identificar los materiales causantes de la generación de estos gases y mediante políticas públicas establecer medidas de control para el sector construcción sobre el uso de eso materiales contaminantes a fin de minimizar la emisión de GEI al medioambiente.

The activities carried out by human beings are responsible for the greenhouse gas emissions that heat the planet and generate climate change. The best known gas is CO2, causing 63% of warming, which is generating consequences in the essential processes of our nature, as in the case of ecosystems, such as wetlands, are at risk of disappearing, the increase in temperature Average and decreasing rainfall, rising sea levels, decreased Arctic ice. The construction industry is one of the ways in which human beings pollute and one of them is due to urban growth and the demand for urban infrastructure, such as urban subdivision roads. The purpose of this study is to determine the KG-CO2 / M2 and the environmental impacts that are generated in the construction of an asphalt pavement in urban Development in Ciudad Obregón Sonora using the Life Cycle (ACV) methodology and the Simapro software. 9.0, using the required construction volumes. The results obtained of 13.6280 Kg-CO2 / M2.

Climate change is one of the main current problems, it concerns the entire human population since its effects are worldwide, especially now we have seen its consequences, according to Menghi (2007), the average global temperatures grew by more than 0.5 ° C in the last century, and the glaciers are disappearing from the earth. The greenhouse effect generated mainly by the gases of the same name (GHG), is the fundamental factor of climate change. Construction is one of the ways in which the human being contaminates in a constant way this due to urban growth and the demand for infrastructure that this generates. This research has the purpose of determining the KG-CO2 / M2 generated by a 44 m2 house of interest type INFONAVIT using the Life Cycle methodology (ACV) of the products or materials, established in ISO 14040, employee an inventory of KG-CO2 emissions from building materials, obtained from various bibliographic sources and databases and using the work volumes required to build the house. The results obtained of 161.57 Kg-CO2 / M2.

Climate change is a current phenomenon and represents one of the most important environmental, social and economic threats to the planet and is defined as a significant and lasting change in local and global weather patterns caused by natural or human-caused global warming. The construction of works related to earthworks such as paving of streets, parking lots, roads, highways, dams, canals, among others, generate pollution because they use heavy machinery which is a major consumer of non-renewable fossil fuels that are transformed into emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The present work, takes as a case study the paving of a subdivision in the City of Obregon Sonora (Mexico) to determine the carbon footprint in Kg of CO2eq/m2 generated in the machinery, using the methodology of the carbon footprint from the quantities of work of the construction process, the selection and hourly performance of the appropriate equipment, the determination of the volumes of fuel used and the emission factor in Kg-CO2eq for the fuel used. The results obtained were 165,742.02 Kg-CO2eq in a surface of 128,049.59 m2 of paving, equivalent to 1.29 Kg-CO2eq/m2.

Climate change is one of the world's major problems and concerns the entire human population as its effects are global in scope. Climate change is driven by the greenhouse effect, which is generated by greenhouse gases (GHG). The construction industry is important in the development of a country, both economically and culturally, since it is through it that the infrastructure needs required for a nation's economic and social activities are met. Urban environments are composed of various structures that favor economic, social and any other activities of interest within the existing population; such urban environment is mainly connected by a system that is constituted by asphalt pavements of flexible or rigid type. This project analyzes the environmental impacts generated during the construction process of an asphalt pavement corresponding to the Real de Sevilla III subdivision, located in Obregon City, Sonora, Mexico, applying the Simapro 9.0 Software, obtaining a result of 12.618 Kg CO2 eq/m2 and 1,140, 863.493 Kg-CO2/fractionation generated by its main materials and activities and equipment consumptions.