The seasonal cycle of the flat mite, Cenopalpus pulcher (C. and F.), Tenuipalpidae, was studied on apples in Abu‐Ghraib, Iraq. The mite began to infest apple trees in early March and a peak was reached in early June and again in mid October. There were three peaks of egg laying. The first peak occured in early April, the second in mid June and the third in August. This indicates clearly that the mite has three generations a year. The flat mite overwinters as adults and possibly as nymphs.
Zusammenfassung
Zur Biologie von Cenopalpus pulcher (C. and F.) in Baghdad
Der Befall von Apfelbäumen im Gebiet von Baghdad durch die Spinnmilbe Cenopalpus pulcher begann Anfang März und erreichte 2 Höhepunkte: Anfang Juni und Mitte Oktober. Es wurden 3 Maxima der Eiablage festgestellt: Anfang April, Mitte Juni und im August. Danach hat der Schädling 3 Generationen im Jahr. Er überwintert im adulten Stadium und möglicherweise als Nymphe.
The toxicities of 13 hydrocarbon, organic phosphates and carbamate insecticides to the cotton spiny bollworm Earias insulana Boisd., were determined by topical application. The results showed that of the insecticides tested Folidol M50, Matacil, DDVP and Gusathion AM were the most toxic to the spiny bollworm. Endrin and Carbaryl were the least toxic. Also results indicated strongly that the spiny bollworm is resistant to the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides.
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of post‐treatment temperature on the individual toxicity of Folidol M50 and Matacil to the cotton spiny bollworm larvae. The results showed that the post‐treatment temperature had a marked effect on the toxicity of the two insecticides tested: the higher the temperature the higher the toxicity.
Zusammenfassung
Toxikologische Studien an der Baumwollkapsel‐Eule Earias insulana Bois.
Es wurde die Wirkung von 13 Hydrokarbon‐, Organophosphat‐ und Carbamat‐Insektiziden auf die Raupen von E. insulana bei individueller äußerlicher Applikation (2 Mikroliter/Raupe) untersucht. Folidol M50, Matacil, DDVP und Gusathion AM zeigten die höchste Wirksamkeit, Endrin und Carbaryl die geringste. Die Ergebnisse ließen eindeutig erkennen, daß der Schädling gegenüber den Chlorkohlenwasserstoffen resistent ist.
Experimente ergaben, daß die Temperatur nach der Behandlung auf die Toxizität von zwei daraufhin geprüften Insektiziden (Folidol M50 and Matacil) Einfluß nahm: die Toxizität stieg mit der Temperatur an.
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