This study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of phosphate (P2O5) and the anionic polyacrylamide flocculant (APF) that could result in best cane juice clarification. Two sugar cane varieties (B52298 and NCO334) were used. The P2O5 for both varieties was at 158.6, 200, 300, 400 and 441.4 (mg/L) and APF were used at 0.59, 1, 2, 3 and 3.41 ppm and 0.17, 1, 3, 5 and 5.83 for B52298 and NCO334, respectively. For the B52298 variety, the optimum ranges of levels were 192.2–270 mg/L P2O5 and 2.91–3.41 ppm of APF. For NCO334 variety, the optimum ranges of levels were 229–264.5 mg/L P2O5 and 5.13–5.83 ppm of APF. Practical Applications A profitable and economical process calls for optimal combination process input. High clear juice turbidity, high product color and lower rate of crystallization were some of the problems that the sugar factory is facing. To minimize these problems, dosing of the optimum amount of phosphate and anionic polyacrylamide flocculant is essential and remains a question to be answered by research. The variability in the composition of the juice as a result of differing geographical location, cane variety and seasonal influence as well as the conditions to which the cane is subjected during harvesting and transportation makes the nature of the research to be area specific; hence, there is no universal dose of phosphate and flocculant so as to produce the best possible quality clear juice. Each factory is therefore essentially unique and adopts a system of clarification based on the simple defecation process with modifications usually determined by a combination of research and experience.

The present work includes a numerical study that investigated in a thermal performance of the passive system of a vertical two stores solar chimney. A several models of a vertical solar chimneys were designed, by using the solid work 18 software, that then brought to the Ansys Fluent 18.2 software for simulation, under (Al-Kut, Iraq) city climatic conditions on the hot summer day of (5-8-2018). This simulation was comprised of a five testing models of a two stores solar chimney that oriented to the south and equipped with a wooden two stores facility building that having the size of (1 * 1 * 1) m 3 for each store. The testing models includes a vertical and long vertical solar chimney, with two different positions of (lower and upper) inlet holes. The testing was aimed to choosing the perfect model that could giving a suitable thermal performance under a various value of solar intensities and ambient temperatures during a constant interval of the daylight times. The results proved that the long vertical solar chimney was able to providing a best natural ventilation but with visible rising into the indoor temperatures.

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The electrochemical behavior of the 3-(4-N-pyridine-2-yl benzene sulfonamide azo)-1-nitroso naphthol reagent and its complex with Co (II) has been studied at glassy carbon disk electrode in different supporting electrolyte at concentration 1 mol and scan rate (100 mV/s). 3-(4-N-pyridine-2-yl benzene sulfonamide azo)-1-nitroso naphthol was used for enhance the properties of nano cobalt oxide by ligand exchange reaction on nanoparticles.

The azo reagent 3- (4-N-Pyridine -2-yl benzene sulfonamide azo)-1-nitroso naphthol was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13CNMR spectral techniques. The solvatochromism of the azo compound was studied by using different solvents. Spectrophotometric determination of cobalt (II) is based on the formation of a 2:1 complex with above reagent. The complex has λmax at (452) nm and Ԑmax of (2. 0567*104) L. mol-1. cm-1.A linear correlation (0.1- 3.5μg. ml-1) was found between absorbance at λmax and concentration. The effect of diverse ions on the determination of cobalt (II) to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The stability constant of the product was (2. 68*108). The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of honey sample.