Goodyera schlechtendaliana is a common orchid species in East Asia, providing a case to study phylogeographic structure of understory plants in warm temperate forests. Here, we present the complete chloroplast genome of the Korean G. schlechtendaliana. Its length is 153,801 bp and it has four subregions; 82,683 bp of large-single-copy and 18,048 bp of small-single-copy regions are separated by 26,535 bp of inverted repeat regions, including 133 genes (86 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 39 tRNAs). Phylogenetic analyses suggest that the chloroplast genomic data should be useful in future phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies of Goodyera. ARTICLE HISTORY

Goodyera schlechtendaliana is a common orchid species in East Asia. A distinctive population of G. schlechtendaliana with the lateral appendages of the column in their flowers was found in southwestern Korea. In this study, we presented complete chloroplast genome of this morphotype as a part of systematic study of the Goodyera. The chloroplast genome is 153,882 bp in length and contains 134 genes (83 CDSs, 8 rRNAs, and 39 tRNAs). Phylogenetic analysis showed that the morphotype of G. schlechtendaliana with column appendages is sister to a normal form of G. schlechtendaliana with long branch, supporting that this distinctive morphotype has a potential to be a new species.

While symbiotic fungi play a key role in the growth of endangered Calanthe orchid species, the relationship between fungal diversity and Calanthe species remains unclear. Here, we surveyed root associated fungal diversity of six Calanthe orchid species by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region using 454 pyrosequencing. Our results revealed that Paraboeremia and Coprinopsis are dominant fungal genera among Calanthe species. In terms of overall relative abundance, Paraboeremia was the most common fungal genus associated with Calanthe roots, followed by Coprinopsis. Overall fungal diversity showed a significant degree of variation depending on both location and Calanthe species. In terms of number of different fungal genera detected within Calanthe species, C. discolor had the most diverse fungal community, with 10 fungal genera detected. This study will contribute toward a better understanding of those fungi that are required for successful cultivation and conservation of Korean Calanthe species.