The results suggest that CACS was related to an annual decrease in GFR and may predict the faster decline in GFR in patients with symptoms requiring computed tomographic coronary angiography.

Obesity is defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m 2 [1]. In Korea, obesity is defined as BMI of 25 kg/m 2 based on the WHO Asia-Pacific perspective for Asians [2,3]. The prevalence of obesity defined by BMI >25 kg/m 2 was increased from 36.2% in 2011 to 38.9% in 2016. The prevalence rate of obesity has also been > 60% in America from 2012 [4]. Obesity needs to be considered as chronic disease [5]. It was relevant to cardiovascular diseases [6], and a report showed that approximately 40% of the mortality rate in the U.S. was due to obesity or obesity-related diseases in 2000 [7]. To reduce body weight, a weight control program that includes a dietary therapy and exercise therapy needs to be tried [8], and an appetite suppressant has been generally prescribed for obesity care [9].