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With the advance of process technology, the power density of chipsets has rapidly increased, which has resulted in thermal issues. Modern mobile devices use a thermal management model (TMM) to solve such thermal issues. In this paper, we propose an adaptive proportionalintegral-derivative (PID) controller based on mobile CPU system characteristics. In the proposed method, we dynamically adjust the PID constants according to the thermal characteristics. We evaluate thermal mitigation capability and performance using a commercial smartphone. The results show that our scheme decreases the overall system temperature by 5.13% and simultaneously improves the system performance by 5.51%.