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A Z‐scheme heterojunction with spatially separated cocatalysts is proposed for overcoming fundamental issues in photocatalytic water splitting, such as inefficient light absorption, charge recombination, and sluggish reaction kinetics. For efficient light absorption and interfacial charge separation, Z‐scheme organic/inorganic heterojunction photocatalysts are synthesized by firmly immobilizing ultrathin g‐C3N4 on the surface of TiO2 hollow spheres via electrostatic interactions. Additionally, two cocatalysts, Pt and IrOx, are spatially separated along the Z‐scheme charge‐transfer pathway to enhance surface charge separation and reaction kinetics. The as‐prepared Pt/g‐C3N4/TiO2/IrOx (PCTI) hollow sphere photocatalyst exhibits an exceptional H2 evolution rate of 8.15 mmol h−1 g−1 and a remarkable apparent quantum yield of 24.3% at 330 nm in the presence of 0.5 wt% Pt and 1.2 wt% IrOx cocatalysts on g‐C3N4 and TiO2, respectively. Photoassisted Kelvin probe force microscopy is used to systematically analyze the Z‐scheme charge‐transfer mechanism within PCTI. Furthermore, the benefits of spatially separating cocatalysts in the PCTI system are methodically investigated in comparison to randomly depositing them. This work adequately demonstrates that the combination of a Z‐scheme heterojunction and spatially separated cocatalysts can be a promising strategy for designing high‐performance photocatalytic platforms for solar fuel production.

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This review gives a comprehensive retrospection on the preparation and photocatalytic applications of yolk–shell nanostructures with additional focus on the realization of interfacial charge dynamics.

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether the anterior scleral thickness is affected by axial elongation and to investigate the association between anterior scleral thickness and various ocular parameters in myopic eyes. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 79 healthy myopic participants. Anterior scleral thickness was measured in eight meridians (superior-nasal [SN], superior [S], superior-temporal [ST], temporal [T], inferior-temporal [IT], inferior [I], inferior-nasal [IN], and nasal [N]) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Bruch’s membrane opening (BMO) area, width of β-parapapillary atrophy with and without Bruch’s membrane (PPA+BM and PPA-BM), and the global peripapillary and subfoveal choroidal thickness (CT) were additionally measured. Age- and sex-adjusted partial correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed to examine the effects of axial length and various ocular parameters on anterior scleral thickness in myopic eyes. Results: The mean age of the included participants was 27.03 ± 2.70 years. Overall, the anterior scleral thickness varied topographically according to the meridians and distance from the scleral spur. In the partial correlation analysis controlled for the effect of age and sex, increasing axial length was related to anterior scleral thinning at several measurement points along the T, I, and N meridians. Among the several ocular parameters, multivariate linear regression analysis with age, sex, and axial length as covariates revealed that central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and BMO area were significantly associated with anterior scleral thickness. Conclusion: In conclusion, there was a close relationship between the anterior scleral thickness and several ocular parameters in myopic eyes. These features should be taken into consideration when managing myopia, and our results might have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of scleral changes during axial elongation.