Doubly and triply N-confused hexaphyrins revealed quite unique photophysical properties arising from confusion of pyrrole rings in the macrocycle, and the molecular shape when compared with their parent regular hexaphyrin molecules.

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The hydrogen annealing effect and the fatigue resistance of the Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 (PZT) thin films with double-side (Pb0.72La0.28)Ti0.93O3 (PLT) buffer layers were investigated. With the PLT buffer layers, the films showed better hydrogen resistance than the PZT films because of the enhancement of the structural properties of the double-side PLT buffered PZT films. This structure also exhibited good fatigue endurance after 109 switching cycles even without oxide electrodes, mainly because the accumulated charges were compensated at the interface between the PLT buffer layers and the electrode. Moreover, the fatigue endurance was maintained even after the hydrogen annealing, so we could confirm the reliability of the structure after the fabrication process.

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