Materials with large chiral optical activity at visible wavelengths are of great interest in photonics, particularly as a route to chiral optical metamaterials. Here, we demonstrate the plasmonic enhancement of the chiral optical activity of chiral poly(fluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (PFBT) doped with gold nanoparticles. The supramolecular helical organization of polymeric chains with simultaneous dipole-dipole interaction of the helically ordered nanoparticles with the polymer and one another results in unprecedented values of chirality parameter (κ ~0.02) at visible wavelengths in thin films.

Abstract-This paper proposes a method for choosing the best transmission system expansion plan considering a probabilistic reliability criterion LOLE . The method minimizes the investment budget for constructing new transmission lines subject to probabilistic reliability criteria, which consider the uncertainties of transmission system elements. Two probabilistic reliability criteria are used as constraints. One is a transmission system reliability criterion LOLE constraint, and the other is a bus/nodal reliability criterion LOLE constraint. The proposed method models the transmission system expansion problem as an integer programming problem. It solves for the optimal strategy using a probabilistic branch and bound method that utilizes a network flow approach and the maximum flow-minimum cut set theorem. Test results on an existing 21-bus system are included in the paper. They demonstrate the suitability of the proposed method for solving the transmission system expansion planning problem subject to practical future uncertainties.Index Terms-Branch and bound, probabilistic reliability criteria, transmission system planning.

Abstract-It is difficult to forecast renewable energy resources due to their variability. High uncertainty of the resources increases the concern about the reliable operation of the electric power system. Storage devices have been considered a candidate to control variable energy resources, and most studies on storage devices are performed in the economic dispatch. Therefore, electric power adequacy may be an issue. In this paper, a new approach in the optimal power flow framework is proposed for deploying storage devices, and the feasibility and economic impact analyses are discussed.Index Terms-DC power flow, optimal power flow (OPF), power transfer distribution factor (PTDF), storage devices, variable energy resources.

System planning on a large-scale electric power system is computationally challenging. Network reduction into a small system can significantly reduce the computational expense. The Ward equivalent technique is widely used for the reduction; however, it may not yield the same flow pattern as the original network. In this paper, a new methodology for network reduction is proposed and the results are compared with those from other methodologies.

helical organization of the aggregates within the nanocomposites and of the aggregates liberated from the SU-8 matrix in the exposed regions.