The review of the design, principles and operation of artificial composite structures with peculiar electromagnetic properties (metamaterials) is presented. Physical preconditions of metamaterials have been considered in order to explain how exciting properties of such structures can be achieved. A detailed classification scheme and a comparative description of the most proven and wide-used metamaterial structures for microwave technologies have been presented. In addition, the most successful examples of metamaterial application in waveguides, resonators and their derived components as well as in antennas technology have been considered and systematized.
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